…Anagni is located about 60 km southeast of Rome, and is the birthplace of Pope Boniface VIII, who had a villa there. The Pope, who had been in conflict with King Philip IV the Beautiful of France since 1296 over the issue of taxation of the clergy, became more confident with the success of the Jubilee celebrations in 1300, and in his papal ... From [Christianity]…During this time, church law developed with the help of such brilliant scholars as Gratian. In 1302, Pope Boniface VIII (reigned 1294-1303) gave the papal bull Unam Sanctum, which asserted that the Pope, as the representative of Christ, had two swords, one for the spiritual world and one for the secular world; that is, while kings and knights wield the latter, it was the Pope who gave the orders, and thus declared that “all men should be subject to the Pope of Rome in order to secure the salvation of their souls.” Of course, the two swords do not clash head-on, and since secular authority is also given by God the Creator, there is no contradiction between them, but the Pope interfered too much in secular matters until he failed and was forced to abandon his secular authority. … From Pope Boniface VIII…In Italy, he fought with the Roman aristocratic Colonna family over territorial disputes and subjugated them by force. In 1300, he held a grand Jubilee Festival to raise the Pope's prestige, but the following year the conflict with the King of France resumed. In 1302, the Pope asserted the supreme authority of the Church over secular power in the Bull Unam Sanctam, but in 1303 Philip refused to reconcile with Rome. The Pope prepared a letter of excommunication for the King of France, but the King took the initiative, and his powerful advisor Guillaume de Nogaret used mercenaries and the Colonna family's private army to attack the Pope in Anagni and imprison him (the Anagni incident). … *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Unum Sanctum" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…アナーニAnagniはローマの南東約60kmの所にあり,教皇ボニファティウス8世の生地であり,彼の別邸があった。聖職者に対する課税問題でフランス王フィリップ4世美王と1296年以来対立していた教皇は,1300年の聖年祝祭の成功に自信を強め,02年教書《ウナム・サンクタム》によって,教皇の霊的な権威が国王の現世的な権威に勝ることを両剣論に基づいて主張した。フィリップ4世は03年3月三部会を召集し,教皇への非難を数えあげ,公会議において教皇の異端嫌疑を審議するよう提案した。… 【キリスト教】より…この間,教会法はグラティアヌスのようなすぐれた学者をえて発達した。 教皇ボニファティウス8世(在位1294‐1303)が1302年に与えた教書《ウナム・サンクタム》は,教皇がキリストの代理者として霊界と俗界の二つの剣をもつこと,すなわち,後者を行使するのは王と騎士であっても,命令を下すのは教皇の側にあることを主張し,こうして〈すべての人間は霊魂の救いをまっとうすべくローマ教皇に服従すべきである〉と宣言した(両剣論)。もちろん,二つの剣は真っ向からぶつかるのではなく,世俗の権威もまた創造者たる神によって与えられているゆえに矛盾はないと考えているが,けっきょく教皇が失敗して世俗の権威を放棄せざるをえなくなるまで,教皇は世俗のことに介入しすぎたのである。… 【ボニファティウス[8世]】より…イタリアでは領地問題でローマの貴族コロンナ家と争い,彼らを武力で制圧した。1300年盛大な聖年祭を開催して教皇の威信を高めたが,翌年フランス国王との対立が再開し,教皇は02年教書〈ウナム・サンクタム〉によって俗権に対する教権の超越的権威を主張したが,フィリップは03年ローマとの和解を拒否した。教皇はフランス国王への破門状を用意したが,国王は先手を打ち,彼の有力な顧問官ノガレGuillaume de Nogaretは傭兵とコロンナ家の私兵を用いてアナーニに教皇を襲って監禁した(アナーニ事件)。… ※「《ウナム・サンクタム》」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
It is the most widely used of the four isomers, a...
...However, if an external stimulus causes the el...
A sea checkpoint located in Nishi-Uraga, Sagami Pr...
...The ingenious stage props, such as the three-t...
A pioneer of the English Reformation. He studied ...
...They are an agricultural people whose main cro...
…[Tsubaki Keisuke]. . . *Some of the terminology ...
A corporate group made up of large companies. Repr...
Years of birth: unknown. A military commander in t...
...There are more than 25 species of cosmos nativ...
...It has not become as important a crop as water...
When there are four points A, B, C, and D arrange...
A city in Okinawa Prefecture that occupies the ent...
… Despite the recent remarkable progress in North...
An evergreen tree of the Meliaceae family (APG cl...