Einstein equation

Japanese: アインシュタイン方程式(英語表記)Einstein equation
Einstein equation
In general relativity, space-time is considered to be a four-dimensional Riemann space, and the motion of objects is considered to be determined by the space. Conversely, the properties of this space are determined by the momentum and energy tensors T ij of the matter and fields that exist. The equations that give this relationship are called Einstein's equations.

Here, R ij is the Ricci tensor, R is the scalar curvature, and &scriptg; ij is the metric tensor. G is Newton's gravitational constant, c is the speed of light, and the 8π G / c 4 that appears on the right-hand side of this equation is called Einstein's gravitational constant. Λ is a constant with a dimension of L -2 and is called the "cosmological constant." Λ -1/2 is thought to be related to the size of the universe.

Although it is extremely difficult to find an exact solution, several exact solutions are known, including the Schwarzschild exterior and interior solutions*, the Weyl solution*, and the Tomimatsu-Sato solution*.

Source: Asakura Publishing Dictionary of Laws Information

Japanese:
一般相対性理論においては,時空を四次元のリーマン空間と考えて,物体の運動は空間によって定まるものと考える.逆に考えると,この空間の性質は,存在する物質と場の運動量,エネルギーのテンソル Tij によって定められる.この関係を与える式をアインシュタイン方程式という.

式のように表されるが,ここで Rij はリッチテンソル,R はスカラー曲率,&scriptg;ij が計量テンソルである.G はニュートンの万有引力定数,c は光速度であるが,この式の右辺に現れる8πG/c4 はアインシュタインの重力定数という.Λ はL-2 の次元をもつ定数で「宇宙項」と呼ばれる.Λ-1/2 は宇宙の大きさに関係すると考えられる.

厳密解を求めるのはきわめて難しいが,それでも,シュヴァルツシルトの外部解と内部解*,ヴァイル解*,富松‐佐藤の解*などいくつかの厳密解が知られている.

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