Turmeric

Japanese: 鬱金 - うこん
Turmeric

A yellow dye extracted from the rhizomes of turmeric, a perennial plant of the ginger family (APG classification: Zingiberaceae). The powder is one of the main ingredients of curry powder. It has been imported into Japan from Siam (Thailand), China, Ryukyu, and other places since early modern times, and was called "kizo megusa" and used to dye yellow. Many of the early Edo period Kosode Hinagata books refer to it as "ji ukon," so it seems to have been quite popular at the time. "Turmeric powder," made by powdering the root, dissolves well in water, so it can be used as a dye as is, or it can be used with acid, lye, alum, iron, etc. to dye beautiful yellows of various different hues. However, because its fastness to light is very weak, it was often used as a base dye for crimson when dyeing scarlet, to color foods (such as pickled radish), and because its special fragrance is said to repel insects, it was often used in dyed cotton for baby clothes, wrapping cloths for tools and other fabrics, and furoshiki wrapping cloths. Even today, the yellow cotton wrapped around the end of a roll of cloth is called "Ukin Bunko," a vestige of this name.

[Tomoyuki Yamabe June 18, 2019]

[Reference] | Turmeric

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ショウガ科(APG分類:ショウガ科)の多年草ウコンの根茎からとった黄色の染料。粉末はカレー粉の主原料の一つ。わが国には、近世以後シャム(タイ国)、中国、琉球(りゅうきゅう)などより輸入され、「きぞめぐさ」と称されて黄色の染色に用いられた。江戸前期の小袖雛型(こそでひながた)本には「地うこん」と記されたものが多く、当時かなり流行したもののようである。根を粉末状にした「うこん粉」はよく水に溶解するので、そのまま染料として用い、また酸、灰汁(あく)、ミョウバン、鉄などを用いて、種々色相の異なった美しい黄色を染め出す。ただし光線に対する堅牢(けんろう)度が非常に弱いので、緋色(ひいろ)を染めるのに紅の下染めに用いたり、食品(沢庵(たくあん)漬けなど)の色づけや、また特殊な香気を虫が嫌うというので、木綿に染めたものを嬰児(えいじ)の産着に用いたり、道具類や布帛(ふはく)類などの包み布や風呂敷(ふろしき)などに使用したりすることが多かった。今日でも、反物の端に上巻きとしてついている黄色の木綿を「鬱金文庫」というのはその名残(なごり)である。

[山辺知行 2019年6月18日]

[参照項目] | ウコン

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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