A state in western India. It is mainly composed of the Kathiawar Peninsula, which juts out into the Arabian Sea. The eastern part of the state is an alluvial plain, and the northwestern part of the Rann of Kutch borders Pakistan. It has an area of approximately 196,022 square kilometers and a population of 50,596,992 (2001). The state capital is Gandhinagar. It was formerly part of Bombay State along with Maharashtra, but the Gujarati-speaking part of the state separated and became independent in May 1960. It is the birthplace of India's modern cotton spinning industry, and is blessed with a location in the hinterland of cotton-producing areas, the raw material for cotton. It has formed India's largest cotton spinning industrial region, including Batada, centered around the former state capital Ahmedabad. Its industrial production is third in the country after West Bengal and other states. Agriculture is centered on highly marketable industrial crops such as cotton, groundnuts, and tobacco, and staple grains are ranked low. There are ruins of the Indus civilization and remains of Dravidian settlements, and since ancient times many port towns have flourished as trade hubs between Arabia, Africa and India eastwards, making it a place where Hindu and Islamic cultures merged. [Ao Nakazato] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
インド西部の州。アラビア海に突出するカーティアワール半島を主体とし、東部は沖積平野が広がり、北西はカッチ湿地でパキスタンと接する。面積約19万6022平方キロメートル、人口5059万6992(2001)。州都はガンディナガル。マハラシュトラ州とともにボンベイ州を構成していたが、1960年5月にグジャラート語圏が分離独立した。インドの近代的綿紡績業の発祥の地で、原料の綿花産地を後背地にした立地条件に恵まれ、旧州都のアーメダバードを中心にバターダなど、インド最大の綿紡績工業地域を形成している。工業生産額は西ベンガル州などに次いで全国第3位である。農業は商品性の高い綿花、ラッカセイ、タバコなど工芸作物中心で、主穀作物は低位にある。インダス文明の遺跡やドラビダ系民族の居住地跡があり、また、古代よりアラビアやアフリカとインド以東との交易の中継地として多くの港町が栄え、ヒンドゥー文化とイスラム文化の融合の地となった。 [中里亜夫] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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