This theory was proposed by Katsuhiko Sato of Japan and A. Guth of the United States, and states that the universe expanded at an accelerated rate in the very early period. Accelerated expansion is called inflationary expansion. Without a cosmological constant, the expansion of the universe would be decelerating because of the gravitational force of the energy contained in the universe, but in that case, it would be impossible to explain why the universe is homogeneous and isotropic today. In the case of decelerating expansion, the speed of expansion in the early universe would be faster than the speed of light, at which information travels. Therefore, the currently observable universe would contain many regions in the past where no information was transmitted between them. This contradicts the uniformity of the cosmic microwave background radiation. This difficult problem is solved by inflationary expansion. Quantum fluctuations during inflationary expansion can also explain the origin of density fluctuations that give rise to galaxies and other things. (Toshifumi Futamase Professor, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University / 2007) Source : "Chiezo" published by Asahi Shimbun Publications Co., Ltd. About Chiezo |
日本の佐藤勝彦、米国のA.グースなどにより提案された、宇宙がごく初期に加速度的に膨張した、という理論。加速度的な膨張をインフレーション膨張という。宇宙定数がなければ、宇宙膨張は宇宙の中に含まれるエネルギーにより重力を受けるので減速膨張になるが、その場合、現在の宇宙が一様・等方である理由が説明できない。減速膨張の場合、宇宙初期の膨張速度が情報の伝わる光速度よりも速くなる。従って、現在観測可能な宇宙には、過去にどんな情報も互いに伝わっていない領域が数多く含まれることになる。これは宇宙マイクロ波背景放射の一様性に反する。この難問はインフレーション膨張で解決される。またインフレーション膨張時の量子ゆらぎで、銀河などが生まれるための密度ゆらぎの起源も説明できる。
(二間瀬敏史 東北大学大学院理学研究科教授 / 2007年) 出典 (株)朝日新聞出版発行「知恵蔵」知恵蔵について 情報 |
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