Imu

...A reform movement that arose in the late 19th century in China at the end of the Qing Dynasty, which aimed to strengthen China by introducing Western science and technology. Until then, the term "Westernization" had been called "Foreign Affairs" and referred to all affairs related to relations and negotiations between the Qing Dynasty and foreign countries. After the Opium Wars, however, the term was advocated by Wei Yuan, Lin Zexu, Feng Guifen, and Wang Tao (1828-97), and its content was the intake and acceptance of Western culture, based on the theory of Chinese culture as the body and the West as the function. The Westernization Movement, promoted by powerful governors such as Zeng Guofan, Li Hongzhang, and Zuo Zongtang, initially focused on strengthening military power, such as measures against the Taiping Rebellion and border defenses, but eventually extended to education, business, and other areas.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Ibu" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…19世紀後半，中国の清末に起こった西洋の科学，技術を導入して自強をはかろうとした改革運動。洋務の語はそれまで〈夷務〉と称され，清朝と諸外国との関係･交渉の事務いっさいを指していたが，アヘン戦争以降，洋務は，魏源，林則徐，馮桂芬（ふうけいふん），王韜（おうとう）(1828‐97)によって唱えられるようになり，中学を体(本体)とし西洋を用(作用)とする中体西用論を旨とした欧米の文物の摂取，受容をその内容とする。そして曾国藩，李鴻章，左宗棠（さそうとう）などの有力督撫(総督･巡撫)によって推進された洋務運動は，初期には太平天国対策や辺境防備など軍事力の増強に力が入れられ，やがて教育や実業などの各方面にも及んでいった。…

※「夷務」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報