A mapping from one algebraic system to another of the same type that preserves the algorithm of the algebraic system is called a homomorphism. In other words, a mapping f from algebraic system A to B is said to be homomorphic if, when the algorithm ◦ of A corresponds to the algorithm * of B , for each element x and y of A , f ( x◦y )= f ( x )* f ( y ). For example, a homomorphism φ from a group G to a group G ' is a mapping that satisfies φ( x ・ y )=φ( x )・φ( y ) for each element x and y of G. Also, a homomorphism ψ from a ring R to a ring R ' is a mapping that satisfies ψ( a + b )=ψ( a )+ψ( b ), ψ( ab )= ψ ( a )・ψ( b ) for each element a and b of R. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
同じ種類の代数系から代数系への写像で,代数系の算法を保つものを準同型という。すなわち,代数系AからBへの写像fが準同型とは,Aの算法◦にBの算法*が対応しているとき,Aの各元x,yについてf(x◦y)=f(x)*f(y)を満たすことである。例えば,群Gから群G′への準同型φとは,Gの各元x,yについてφ(x・y)=φ(x)・φ(y)を満たす写像である。また,環Rから環R′への準同型ψとは,Rの各元a,bについて,ψ(a+b)=ψ(a)+ψ(b),ψ(ab)=ψ(a)・ψ(b)を満たす写像である。
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