Oak - oak (English spelling)

Japanese: オーク - おーく(英語表記)oak
Oak - oak (English spelling)

A general term for the Quercus genus of the Fagaceae family (APG classification: Fagaceae). The Quercus genus is divided into the subgenus Cyclobalanopsis, which mainly consists of evergreen trees such as Quercus serrata and Quercus acutissima, the subgenus Lepidobalanus, which mainly consists of deciduous trees such as Quercus serrata and Quercus crispula, and includes evergreen trees such as Quercus phillyraeoides and Cork oaks, and the subgenus Erythrobalanus, which consists of both evergreen and deciduous trees. The fruits are spherical or elliptical nuts, with the lower half or base enclosed in a cupule. Many of them are hard and elastic, and are called oak, and are used to make furniture and tools. They are used to make barrels for brewing whiskey and wine, as firewood and charcoal, and as logs for growing shiitake mushrooms.

[Yoshio Kobayashi January 21, 2020]

Cultural history

In ancient Greece, oak was said to be the first tree created by the gods, and was called "mother tree." It also appears in Roman, Slavic, Germanic, Celtic, and Irish mythology, where it was worshipped as a sacred tree and used in religious ceremonies. This is likely because this tree played an important role as food and timber. It was used by the Romans and the Vikings, Nordic pirates, to build ships, and the British fleet during the Age of Sail also used oak to build its ships. Its charcoal was once used for gunpowder, and in Britain, its acorns were used as pig feed.

[Hiroshi Yuasa January 21, 2020]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ブナ科(APG分類:ブナ科)コナラ属の総称。コナラ属にはシラカシ、アカガシなど常緑樹を主とするサイクロバラノプシス亜属と、コナラ、ミズナラなどの落葉樹を主として、ウバメガシ、コルクガシなどの常緑樹を含むレピドバラヌス亜属、そのほか、常緑と落葉のあるエリスロバラヌス亜属とがある。果実は、開花したその年の秋に成熟するものと翌年の秋に成熟するものとがあり、球形または楕円(だえん)形の堅果で、下半部ないし基部が総包葉(殻斗(かくと))で包まれる。材質が堅硬で、弾性のある良材となるものが多く、オーク材とよばれ、家具や器具をつくるのに用いる。ウイスキーやぶどう酒の醸造用の樽(たる)材に使われ、薪炭(しんたん)材、シイタケ原木などにもする。

[小林義雄 2020年1月21日]

文化史

古代ギリシアでは、オークは最初に神々によりつくりだされた木とされ、「母なる木」とよばれた。ローマ、スラブ、ゲルマン、ケルト、アイルランドの神話にも登場し、聖なる木として崇拝され、神事に使われた。これは、この木が食料や材として重要な役目を果たしたからであろう。ローマ人や北欧の海賊バイキングなどの船材とされ、帆船時代のイギリス艦隊もオークで船を建造した。かつてその炭は火薬に使われ、イギリスでは実のどんぐりをブタの飼料にした。

[湯浅浩史 2020年1月21日]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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