Dinitrogen monoxide - Issankanichisso (English spelling)

Japanese: 一酸化二窒素 - いっさんかにちっそ(英語表記)dinitrogen monoxide
Dinitrogen monoxide - Issankanichisso (English spelling)

A type of nitrogen oxide. It is sometimes mistakenly called nitrous oxide. It is also called laughing gas because inhaling a small amount causes facial muscles to spasm, making it appear as if the person is laughing.

It is obtained by heating and decomposing ammonium nitrate at 180 to 250 degrees Celsius.

NH 4 NO 3 ―→N 2 O+2H 2 O
It explodes at temperatures above 300°C. It is a colorless gas with a slightly sweet taste and aroma. It is equivalent to the anhydrous form of hyponitrous acid, but its aqueous solution is neutral. It is stable at room temperature and does not react with halogens or alkali metals. At high temperatures it decomposes to produce oxygen, which aids in combustion, and sulfur burns more vigorously than in air. It is a linear molecule of NNO, and its physical properties are similar to carbon dioxide. It is liquefied by compression and sold in cylinders (blue on top, gray on the bottom) (specific gravity of the liquid is 1.226, measured temperature -89°C). It is usually mixed with oxygen and used as an anesthetic. It is weakly toxic and relatively safe, but if used for a long time it can cause anoxia. It is also used to whip cream and as an oxidizer for organic compounds.

[Kenichi Morinaga and Katsunori Nakahara]

[References] | Nitrous oxide anesthesia [Supplementary materials] | Nitrous oxide (data notes)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

窒素酸化物の一つ。亜酸化窒素nitrous oxideと誤称することもある。また、少量を吸うと顔面の筋肉がけいれんし笑ったようにみえるので笑気(しょうき)laughing gasともよばれる。

 硝酸アンモニウムを180~250℃に加熱分解して得られる。

  NH4NO3―→N2O+2H2O
300℃以上では爆発する。かすかな甘味と芳香をもった無色の気体。次亜硝酸の無水和物に相当するが、水溶液は中性である。常温では安定でハロゲン、アルカリ金属とも反応しない。高温では分解し酸素を生じるので燃焼を助けるため、硫黄(いおう)などは空気中よりも激しく燃える。N-N-Oの直線状分子で、物理的性質は二酸化炭素に似ており、圧縮液化しボンベ(上部は青色、下部はねずみ色)で市販される(液体の比重は1.226、測定温度零下89℃)。普通、酸素と混ぜて麻酔剤として用いられる。毒性は弱く比較的安全であるが長時間になると酸素欠乏症をおこすこともある。ほかにクリームの泡立て、有機化合物の酸化剤として用いられる。

[守永健一・中原勝儼]

[参照項目] | 笑気麻酔[補完資料] | 一酸化二窒素(データノート)

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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