Ichimonjizeki - Ichimonjizeki

Japanese: 一文字ぜき - いちもんじぜき

…Large reservoirs were sometimes built by the government, but in many cases the burden was on the local government. There were various types of weirs, such as a single-character weir (built at a right angle to the river), a winnowing weir (built diagonally to the river), and a fukuro weir (built with the center sagging downstream to support the sand that accumulates with the flowing water). However, they were prone to destruction when flooded, and reservoirs also faced unavoidable problems if used for many years, such as destruction of the banks when flooding, siltation of the bottom of the pond due to the accumulation of sediment and a decrease in depth (storage volume) caused by the water from the inflowing rivers used for storage. In addition, when drawing water from a weir, there were cases where villages that were the property of feudal lords who occupied important routes to the Shogunate or the Shogunate's cabinet had been protected for many years and had particularly advantageous rights to draw water for many years, overwhelming other villages. …

From [Weir]

…[Sahara Makoto] Most of the weirs in the Edo period were built to obtain water for agricultural use, and according to the Prefectural Regent's Order, they can be broadly divided into grass weirs and wash weirs. They were further classified into Ichimonji weirs, Mi no Te weirs, and Fukuro weirs, according to the main direction of the river flow and the angle of the weir relative to it. Ichimonji weirs, as the character suggests, are built in a straight line perpendicular to the direction of the water flow to the opposite bank, and are often built to receive large rivers. Although the length of the embankment can be short, there is a high risk of collapse and washing away during floods. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Ichimojizeki" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…溜池も大規模なものは国普請の場合もあったが，多くは池下の負担になる場合が多かった。せきの形式にも一文字ぜき(河身に対し直角の方向に築く)，箕（み）の手ぜき(河身に対し斜めに)，袋ぜき(中央部を下流へたるませて流水とともにたまる砂をこの部分に支える)などの諸形式があるが，出水時の破壊が難点であり，溜池も出水時の堤の破壊，貯水取入れのための流入河川の水とともに生ずる池底の滞留した土砂による埋没や深度(貯水量)の減少などが，その利用が多年にわたれば免れえない難点であった。また，せきからの引水の場合，幕領あるいは幕閣の要路を占める領主の所領であった村などが，多年の保護で，他村を圧倒して，とくに有利な引水権を多年行使していた場合もあった。…

【せき(堰)】より

…【佐原眞】　江戸期のせきは農業用水の取得のためのものがほとんどであり，《県令須知》によれば草ぜきと洗いぜきに大別しうる。さらに細かく一文字ぜき，箕（み）の手ぜき，袋ぜきと，川の流れの主方向とこれに対するせきの角度による分類も行われた。一文字ぜきは字のごとく水流の方向と直角に対岸まで1直線に築く形で，大河を受けて築く場合に多いが，堤の延長が短くてすむ反面，出水に際して崩壊，流失の危険も多い。…

※「一文字ぜき」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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