...A burial method in which a body is temporarily buried (not necessarily buried in the ground) after death, and then exhumed after a certain period of time to wash the bones and reburial. The initial disposal of the body is called a primary burial, reburial is called a secondary burial, and the entire burial system is called a multiple burial. In addition to burial, primary burials generally include indoor burials in which the body is placed inside the dwelling, platform burials in which the body is placed in a temporary simple hut or windbreak, and sky burials in which the body is left in a cave or forest, but there are also rare ethnic groups that practice cremation. From [Funeral customs]…Human death is a cultural and sociological phenomenon more than a natural or biological one. In all known human societies, death is given a cultural meaning specific to each society. This meaning is supported on the one hand by a system of ideas such as views on life and death, views on the afterlife, and eschatology, and on the other by the existence of symbolic actions, that is, rituals. Funeral customs are nothing more than a series of rituals performed in response to such death, and therefore can also be called funeral rituals. … *Some of the terminology explanations that refer to "primary funerals" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…死後一時的に埋葬(必ずしも地中に埋められるとはかぎらない)した死体を,一定期間を経た後に,掘り起こすなどして骨を洗い改葬する葬法。最初の死体処理を一次葬といい,改葬を二次葬,葬制の全体を複葬と呼ぶことがある。一次葬には,土葬のほか,住居のなかに安置しておく屋内葬,一時的に簡単な小屋や風よけを設けて安置する台上葬,洞窟や森に放置する風葬などが一般的であるが,まれには火葬を行う民族もある。… 【葬制】より…人間の死は自然的・生物学的な現象である以上に文化的・社会学的な現象である。知られているすべての人類社会において,死はそれぞれの社会に固有の文化的意味づけを与えられている。この意味づけは,一方では死生観,他界観,終末論などの観念体系によって,他方では象徴的行動すなわち儀礼の存在によって支えられている。葬制とはこうした死を契機として行われる一連の儀礼にほかならず,したがってこれを死者儀礼と呼ぶこともできる。… ※「一次葬」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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