Biopsy is a method of taking a biopsy of the stomach mucosa. A biopsy is a procedure in which a part of living tissue is cut out and diagnosed histopathologically. It is a very accurate diagnostic method. In the past, gastric biopsies were performed using blind aspiration biopsy and direct gastroscopic biopsy, but recently direct gastric biopsy using a fiberscope has been used exclusively. This method was first perfected in Japan in 1964, and is now used all over the world. Its features include the ability to take a biopsy from anywhere in the stomach, no limit to the number of biopsy samples taken, the specimens obtained are suitable for histopathological diagnosis, and there is no pain from the biopsy or any complications such as bleeding or perforation. In this method, a fiberscope is first inserted to observe the stomach, and the biopsy forceps are inserted through the biopsy forceps channel of the fiberscope while accurately capturing and confirming the location to be biopsied, and the gastric mucosa is securely pinched. The tissue fragments collected are approximately 2 millimeters in diameter; to collect larger tissue fragments, direct aspiration biopsy using a fiberscope or strip biopsy in which the tissue is excised with a snare forceps is used. Gastric biopsy is an essential diagnostic method for distinguishing benign from malignant gastric ulcers, and is extremely useful when a diagnosis is difficult to reach using macroscopic morphological diagnostic methods such as X-rays and endoscopy. Today, it is largely due to advances in gastric biopsy that early gastric cancer can be easily diagnosed. Biopsies are essential not only for localized lesions such as gastric cancer, but also for diagnosing diffuse lesions such as chronic gastritis. [Tadayoshi Takemoto] [Reference item] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
胃粘膜を生検することで、生検(バイオプシー)とは、生きた組織の一部を切り取って病理組織学的に診断することをいう。たいへん正確な診断方法である。胃生検は、かつて盲目的吸引生検法と胃鏡直視下生検法が行われていたが、最近はもっぱらファイバースコープによる直視下胃生検法が行われている。この方法は、1964年(昭和39)に日本で初めて完成し、今日では全世界で行われている。この特徴は、胃内のどこからでも生検できること、生検材料の採取個数に制限がないこと、得られる標本が病理組織診断に堪えること、生検による痛みとか、出血や穿孔(せんこう)のような合併症がないことである。この方法は、まず胃を観察するファイバースコープを挿入し、生検する場所を確実にとらえて確認しながらファイバースコープの生検鉗子(かんし)チャンネルから生検鉗子を入れ、胃粘膜を確実につまみ取る。採取される組織片は直径2ミリメートル程度なので、もっと大きい組織片を採取する場合は、ファイバースコープによる直視下吸引生検法や、スネア鉗子で切除するストリップバイオプシーが行われている。 胃生検は、胃潰瘍(かいよう)の良性・悪性の鑑別になくてはならない診断法であり、X線検査および内視鏡検査のような肉眼レベルの形態学的な診断法によっては診断が決定しにくいときに偉力を発揮する。今日、早期胃癌(いがん)の診断が容易になったのも、胃生検の進歩に負うところが大きい。胃癌のような限局した病変ばかりでなく、慢性胃炎のようなびまん性の病変の診断にも不可欠である。 [竹本忠良] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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