Islamic land ownership - Islamic land ownership

In the first half of the 19th century, the powerful Muhammad Ali (Governor of Egypt, reigned 1805-48) wiped out the tax collector class that had dominated Egyptian rural society under the tax contract system, and established a new land system that could be called land nationalization. In a word, this system was based on the so-called Islamic principle of land nationalization, which regards land as a public good and the common ownership of the community of believers (umma), and attempted to streamline the multiple rights that existed between the state power and direct cultivators, and to place the direct cultivators' labor under the unified control and management of the state. To this end, a series of measures were taken, including a nationwide land survey, the assignment and registration of direct cultivators to specific pieces of cultivated land, the binding of peasants to their land through the prohibition of land disposal and leaving the villages, the organization of village leaders as village officials, and the reorganization of villages as the final units of administration and taxation.

*Some of the terminology used to refer to "Islamic land nationalization" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…19世紀前半，時の権力者ムハンマド･アリー(エジプト総督，在位1805‐48)は，徴税請負制のもとでエジプト農村社会を支配していた徴税請負人階層を一掃し，新たに土地国有制とも呼ばれるべき土地制度をしいた。この制度を一言で述べるならば，土地を公共財として信徒共同体(ウンマ)の共同所有とみなすという，いわゆるイスラム的土地国有原則を根拠に，国家権力と直接耕作者との間に介在する重層的諸権利を整理し，直接耕作者の労働力を国家の一元的支配･管理のもとにおこうとする制度であった。そのため全国的検地，直接耕作者の特定耕地片への帰属･登録，土地処分や離村の禁止を通しての農民の土地繫縛，村役人としての村落有力者層の組織化，行政･徴税末端単位としての村落の再編成等々の一連の措置が講じられた。…

※「イスラム的土地国有」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報