A series of paintings with a unique Islamic atmosphere that absorbed and developed the painting traditions of each region within the constraints of expression imposed by the Islamic prohibition of idolatry. It is particularly represented by Persian miniatures (→ miniatures). Early Islamic paintings include the mosaic decorations of the Great Mosque of Damascus, the wall paintings of Qasr Amra, and the wall paintings of the Abbasid palaces of Jausak in Samarra and Neyshabur. Miniatures began with the production of illustrated manuscripts (→ illuminated manuscripts) centered around Baghdad in the 12th century, and developed under the influence of Chinese painting after the Mongol invasion. Herat during the Timurid dynasty produced excellent painters such as Behezad and established a golden age (→ Timurid art). During the Safavid dynasty, a new style of sketch drawing with elegant lines was established, and painters such as Reza Abbasi are known (→ Safavid art). Persian miniature influenced India, developing into Mughal miniature, characterized by realistic portraits (see Mughal art), while the Ottoman Empire produced heavy, stiff-looking miniatures (see Ottoman art). Both styles fell into decline after the 18th century, losing their originality under the influence of Western painting. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
イスラム教の偶像崇拝禁止による表現の制約のなかで,各地の固有の絵画伝統を吸収し発展させたイスラム世界独自の雰囲気をもつ一連の絵画。特にペルシア・ミニアチュール(→ミニアチュール)によって代表される。イスラム初期の絵画としては,ダマスカスの大モスクのモザイク装飾,アムラ城の壁画,アッバース朝のサーマッラーのジャウサク宮殿やネイシャーブールの壁画などがあげられる。ミニアチュールは 12世紀頃のバグダードを中心とする写本挿絵(→装飾写本)の制作に始まり,モンゴル人の侵入以後,中国画の影響を受け発展した。チムール朝のヘラートは,ベヘザードなど優れた画家が輩出し,黄金時代を築いた(→チムール朝美術)。サファビー朝では,流麗な線による素描画に新しい様式が確立され,レザー・アッバーシーなどの画家が知られる(→サファビー朝美術)。ペルシア・ミニアチュールはインドに影響を与え,写実的な肖像画を特徴とするムガル・ミニアチュールを発展させ(→ムガル朝美術),またオスマン朝では,重く堅い感じの画風のミニアチュールが描かれた(→オスマン朝美術)。いずれも 18世紀以降,西洋絵画の影響を受けて独自性を失い衰退していった。
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