A Mesoamerican preclassic culture that spread from Izapa in Chiapas, southern Mexico, to Kaminaljuy, a suburb of present-day Guatemala City. It played an important role in connecting the Olmec and Classical Maya cultures. Influenced by the former, it was characterized by stone monuments with altars, and also inherited the Mesoamerican calendar notation from the Olmec. Stela No. 1, discovered in El Baul in southern Guatemala, bears the date 36 AD. They also worshiped a god with a long upper lip, a deformed version of the Olmec god Jaguar Man, but this later changed into the long-nosed god of Classical Maya culture. Stone carvings excavated from Kaminaljuy bear written symbols that are thought to be the prototype of Mayan characters. In many ways, it provided an important stimulus to the formative Maya culture, reaching its peak in the 1st century BC, when many platforms and temples were built during the Miraflores period in Caminaljuku, but by around 200 AD it had declined and given way to the Classical Maya culture that emerged shortly thereafter. [Yoshiro Masuda] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
メキシコ南部、チアパス州にあるイサパIzapaを中心に、現グアテマラ市郊外のカミナルフューあたりまで広がった、メソアメリカ先古典期の文化。オルメカ文化と古典マヤ文化とをつなぐ重要な役割を果たした。前者の影響を受けて、祭壇を伴う石碑を特色とし、メソアメリカ特有の暦表記もオルメカから受け継いだ。グアテマラ南部エル・バウルから発見された石碑1号には、紀元後36年にあたる年号が記されている。また、オルメカの神であるジャガー人の顔を変形した長い上唇の神を崇拝したが、これがのち、古典マヤ文化の長鼻の神に変化した。カミナルフューから出土した石彫には、マヤ文字の祖型と考えられる文字記号が記されている。このように、いろいろな点で、形成過程のマヤ文化に重要な刺激を与え、紀元前1世紀に最盛期に達して、カミナルフューのミラフロレス期においては多くの基壇、神殿がつくられたが、紀元後200年ごろまでに衰退して、まもなく登場した古典マヤ文化にその席を譲った。 [増田義郎] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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