British Constitutional History - Igirisukenpoushi

Japanese: イギリス憲法史 - いぎりすけんぽうし
British Constitutional History - Igirisukenpoushi

...Therefore, Magna Carta, which was originally a document that confirmed the status privileges of feudal nobility to the king, only became the basis of modern freedom through E. Cook's "reinterpretation," and even though the parliamentary system continued to have a bicameral form representing the nobility and the common people, it had to be emphasized that its members were no longer representatives of status, but, as E. Burke told his constituents, "members of the Parliament of the Kingdom of Great Britain," that is, representatives of the people. Thus, the history of the British constitution maintains the appearance of continuity from medieval constitutionalism to modern constitutionalism, but the historical character of the two is clearly different, and the civil revolution of the 17th century marks the dividing line between them. In contrast to England, France had a stronger appreciation of the tradition of medieval constitutionalism than England, to the extent that the Estates General had not met for 175 years prior to the Revolution. On the other hand, it was easier for the people of France to logically and systematically formulate the form of a modern constitution, modelled on the practice and ideas of modern constitutionalism that had been formed in England for over a century.

*Some of the terms mentioned in "British constitutional history" are explained below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…したがって,もともとは封建貴族の身分的特権を国王に確認させた文書であるマグナ・カルタは,E.クックによる〈再解釈〉を経ることをとおしてはじめて,近代的自由を基礎づけるものとなったのであるし,議会制にしても,貴族および庶民の代表としての二院制の形を引き継ぎながらも,その議員はもはや身分の代表でなく,E.バークが自分の選挙区の選挙民に述べたように,〈イギリス王国の議会の議員〉つまり国民代表であることが,強調されなければならなかったのである。このようにイギリス憲法史は,中世の立憲主義から近代立憲主義への連続性の外観を保っているが,これら両者の歴史的性格は明確に違っているのであり,17世紀市民革命が,その境い目を画しているのである。 フランスは,それと対照的であり,身分制三部会が大革命に先だつ175年間開かれたことがなかったほど,中世立憲主義の伝統が,イギリスに比べて認められていたし,他方で,この国の人々にとっては,1世紀以上前からイギリスで形成されてきた近代立憲主義の運用と思想をモデルとして,近代憲法のあり方を論理的・体系的に定式化することが,より容易であった。…

※「イギリス憲法史」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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