...The gas surrounding planets in the solar system, such as Earth and Jupiter, is called the atmosphere or planetary atmosphere. Of these, the gas that rotates with the Earth due to the Earth's gravity is called the Earth's atmosphere, and generally speaking, the atmosphere refers to the Earth's atmosphere. Also, the gas close to the Earth's surface is generally called air. The atmosphere that surrounds us extends to a height of nearly 500 km and contains nitrogen, oxygen, ozone, carbon dioxide, water vapor, etc. The atmosphere blocks ultraviolet rays and high-energy particles from the sun that are harmful to living things, while also preventing heat from escaping from the Earth into space. ... From [Mesosphere]…When dividing the vertical structure of the atmosphere according to temperature distribution, the part where the temperature decreases with increasing altitude from 50 km to 90 km is called the mesosphere. The temperature is about 0°C at 50 km and about -80°C at 90 km. The region between 85 and 90 km altitude is called the mesopause and is the coldest in the upper atmosphere. The atmospheric pressure decreases from 0.8 hPa (0.6 Torr) to 0.002 hPa (0.0015 Torr) from 50 to 90 km altitude. … *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "mesospause" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…地球や木星など太陽系の惑星を囲んでいる気体を大気あるいは惑星大気という。その中で,地球の重力によって地球とともに回転している気体を地球大気といい,一般には大気といえば地球大気を指す。また,地球表面に近い部分の気体を一般に空気という。われわれをとりまく大気は高さ500km近くまで広がり,窒素,酸素,オゾン,二酸化炭素,水蒸気などが含まれている。大気は太陽からくる生物に有害な紫外線や高エネルギーの粒子をさえぎる一方,地球から宇宙へ熱が逃げてゆくのを防ぐ。… 【中間圏】より…大気の鉛直構造を気温分布にしたがって区分するとき,高度50kmから90kmにかけて高度の上昇につれて気温が下がっている部分を中間圏という。気温は高度50kmで約0℃で,高度90kmでは氷点下約80℃である。高度85~90kmの領域は中間圏界面mesopausと呼ばれ,上層大気のなかで最も低温である。気圧は高度50kmから90kmにかけて0.8hPa(0.6Torr)から0.002hPa(0.0015Torr)に減る。… ※「mesospause」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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