...Age measured using the phenomenon (radioactive decay) in which naturally occurring radioactive elements decay into stable elements at a constant rate. A radioactive element decays in an amount proportional to its amount per unit time. This proportionality constant is called the decay constant (λ). T = log e 2/λ ≒ 0.693/λ is called the half-life, and after this time the amount of a radioactive element will be 1/2 of its original amount. If the amount of radioactive element (called parent element) present at the beginning is N 0 , the amount after a certain time has passed is N , and the amount of stable element (called daughter element) produced by radioactive decay of the parent element is D * , then after T hours N will decrease to N 0 /2 and D * will become N 0 /2. ... *Some of the terminology used in relation to the "ionium method" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…天然に存在する放射性元素が一定の割合で安定な元素に崩壊する現象(放射性崩壊)を利用して測定される年代。 放射性元素は単位時間に存在量に比例した量だけ崩壊する。この比例定数を崩壊定数(λ)という。T=loge2/λ≒0.693/λを半減期といい,この時間たつと放射性元素の量は初めの1/2になる。初めにあった放射性元素(親元素parent elementと呼ぶ)の量をN0,ある時間が経過した後の量をN,親元素の放射性崩壊によってできる安定な元素(娘元素daughter elementと呼ぶ)の量をD*とすれば,T時間後にはNはN0/2に減りD*がN0/2となる。… ※「イオニウム法」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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