Saburo Ienaga

Japanese: 家永三郎 - いえながさぶろう

Born: September 3, 1913, Aichi
[Died] November 29, 2002. Tokyo historian. Graduated from Tokyo Imperial University in 1937. After working as a professor at Niigata High School and other positions, he was a professor at Tokyo University of Education from 1949 to 1978 and at Chuo University from 1978 to 1984. He was initially known as a positivist historian. He received the Japan Academy Prize in 1948 for his research into Yamato-e paintings. He also made a name for himself in the field of Japanese intellectual history, focusing on Kamakura Buddhism and modern constitutional thought. In 1962, his high school social studies textbook, New History of Japan, failed the Ministry of Education's examination. Dissatisfied with this decision, he filed a lawsuit against the government in 1965 (first lawsuit), in 1967 (second lawsuit) seeking the cancellation of the examination decision, and again in 1984 (third lawsuit) seeking state compensation. The second lawsuit was finally dismissed in June 1989 by the Tokyo High Court in a retrial, and the first lawsuit was also upheld in a Supreme Court ruling in March 1993, with the plaintiffs losing the entire case. However, in the third lawsuit, the second trial in 1993 ruled three of the changes illegal, and the Supreme Court in 1997 ruled one more illegal, ordering the government to pay 400,000 yen, bringing the series of textbook lawsuits to an end. He has written many books, including "The Complete History of Ancient Wae-e" (1946), "The Development of the Logic of Negation in Japanese Thought History" (1969), "The History of Japanese Moral Thought" (1960), and "War Responsibility" (1985).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1913.9.3. 愛知
[没]2002.11.29. 東京
歴史学者。1937年東京帝国大学を卒業。新潟高校教授などを経て，1949～78年東京教育大学教授，1978～84年中央大学教授。初め実証主義の史家として知られた。やまと絵の研究で，1948年日本学士院恩賜賞を受賞。また日本思想史研究の分野でも，鎌倉仏教・近代憲法思想を中心に業績を残した。1962年度の文部省検定において，自著の高等学校用社会科教科書『新日本史』が不合格となり，この処分などを不服として，1965年国を相手に国家賠償請求訴訟（第1次），1967年検定処分取り消し請求訴訟（第2次），1984年には再び国家賠償請求訴訟（第3次）を起こした。第2次訴訟は 1989年6月，東京高等裁判所差し戻し審判決で最終的に却下され，第1次訴訟も 1993年3月の最高裁判所判決で原告全面敗訴の 2審が支持された。しかし第3次訴訟では，1993年の 2審で 3ヵ所，さらに 1997年の最高裁では 1ヵ所の書き換え処分が違法とされ，国側に 40万円の支払いを命ずる判決が出て，一連の教科書裁判は終結した。著書『上代倭絵全史』（1946），『日本思想史に於ける否定の論理の発達』（1969），『日本道徳思想史』（1960），『戦争責任』（1985）など多数。

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