Infrared photography

Japanese: 赤外線写真 - せきがいせんしゃしん
Infrared photography

Infrared photography is a type of photography that uses infrared light longer than 700 nanometers, which is longer than visible light. Infrared film is generally used with an infrared filter. Two types of monochrome film with maximum sensitivity at around 750 nanometers and 850 nanometers, as well as infrared color film, are manufactured. Its main applications are in a wide range of areas, including research on infrared spectra, taking clear pictures of distant landscapes using the infrared transmission effect, transmitting images of biological tissues, forest surveys, marine pollution surveys, legal appraisals, and temperature measurement, using the differences in infrared reflectance depending on the type and age of plant leaves. (1) Infrared filter Infrared film has the inherent photosensitivity of silver halide in addition to its sensitivity to infrared light, so it is photographed using a filter (yellow to red) that cuts out light of this wavelength, or an infrared black filter that cuts out visible light and transmits only infrared light. (2) Correcting the focus position Since ordinary lenses do not correct for chromatic aberration in infrared light, the focus adjustment for visible light is different from the position of the infrared image. For infrared light, the focal point moves slightly backward, so the lens needs to be extended by that amount, and an infrared mark is marked on the lens distance adjustment index. However, the amount of correction varies depending on the maximum sensitivity wavelength of the photosensitive material, so the infrared mark is only a guide. (3) Infrared flash photography When taking pictures at night using a strobe or flash lamp that emits infrared light as a light source, infrared light is not detected by the naked eye, so you can take pictures without the subject noticing. (4) Infrared color film A film in which one of the emulsion layers of a reversal color film is sensitive to infrared light. The infrared-sensitive layer is colored cyan, the green-sensitive layer is colored yellow, and the red-sensitive layer is colored magenta. It is used for general photography as well as aerial photography for remote detection of plant distribution. As for exposure, since there are no electronic exposure meters for infrared light on the market, it is not easy to determine the exposure amount. Therefore, the best method is to take several pictures with different exposures based on experience.

[Poetry by Ito]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

可視光より長い700ナノメートル以上の赤外線により撮影する写真で、赤外フィルムに赤外撮影用フィルターを併用する方法が一般的である。750ナノメートルと850ナノメートル前後に最大感度を有する2種のモノクロフィルムと、赤外カラーフィルムが製造されている。そのおもな用途は赤外スペクトルの研究をはじめ、赤外線の透過効果を利用した遠景の明確な撮影、生物組織体の透過撮影、植物の葉の種類や老若による赤外線の反射率の相違を利用した森林調査、海洋汚染調査、司法鑑定、測温など多方面にわたっている。(1)赤外線撮影用フィルター 赤外線フィルムは、赤外線に対する感光性以外にハロゲン化銀固有の感光性ももっているから、この波長の光をカットするフィルター(黄色~赤色)や、可視光をカットし赤外線のみを透過する赤外用黒色フィルターを使用して撮影する。(2)ピント位置の補正 一般レンズは、赤外線に対する色収差が補正されていないから、可視光によるピント調節は赤外線の結像位置と異なる。赤外線に対しては焦点がすこし後方へ移動するので、その分だけレンズを繰り出す必要があり、レンズの距離合せ指標には赤外マークが記されている。しかし、その補正量は感材の最大感度波長によって異なるため、赤外マークはその目安にすぎない。(3)赤外フラッシュ撮影 赤外線を放射するストロボやフラッシュランプを光源として夜間撮影すると、赤外線が肉眼に感じないため、被写体の人物などに気づかれずに撮影できる。(4)赤外線カラーフィルム リバーサルカラーフィルムの乳剤層のうち、一層を赤外線に感じるものとしたフィルム。赤外感光層をシアン、緑感光層をイエロー、赤感光層をマゼンタに発色させ、一般撮影のほか植物分布の遠隔探知用航空写真などに使用されている。また露光に関しては、赤外線用の電気露光計は市販されていないので、簡単に露光量を決定することはできない。したがって経験をもとに露光を変えて何枚か撮影するのが最良の方法である。

[伊藤詩唱]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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