An island in the Caribbean Sea, about 30 km off the coast of the Paraguana Peninsula in northwestern Venezuela. Its capital is Oranjestad. It is part of the Lesser Antilles and is located about 80 km west of Curacao. It is a flat island with a highest point of 165 m, has little rainfall, and uses distilled seawater for drinking water. It was occupied by the Netherlands in 1634, but the indigenous Indians did not become extinct like on other islands, and more than half of the inhabitants are their descendants. Dutch is the official language, but Papiamento (a mixture of Spanish, Dutch, and Portuguese) is widely spoken. It became a Dutch territory in 1634 and was part of the Netherlands Antilles, but in 1954 it gained internal autonomy and separated from the Netherlands Antilles in 1986. Its main industry was refining oil from Venezuela, which was carried out by the oil company Exxon, but it withdrew from the island in 1985. The main industry is tourism, due to the ancient cave paintings by the Indians, the beautiful beaches, and the strange rock formations along the coast. Area: 193 km2 . Population: 102,000 (2011 estimate). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
ベネズエラ北西部,パラグアナ半島沖約 30kmのカリブ海にある島。オランダ自治領。首都オランニェスタト。小アンティル諸島に属し,キュラソーの西約 80kmに位置する。最高点 165mの平坦な島で,降水量が少なく,飲料水には海水を蒸留している。1634年オランダが占領したが,先住民のインディオはほかの島のように絶滅せず,住民の半分以上がその後裔である。オランダ語が公用語であるが,パピアメント語(スペイン語,オランダ語,ポルトガル語の混成語)が広く用いられている。1634年からオランダ領となりオランダ領アンティルに属していたが,1954年内政自主権を獲得し,1986年オランダ領アンティルから分離した。石油会社エクソンが行なっていたベネズエラからの石油の精製が主産業であったが,1985年に撤退。インディオが描いた古い洞窟壁画,美しい海浜,海岸の奇岩などによる観光業が主産業。面積 193km2。人口 10万2000(2011推計)。
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