Altheim, F. - There is

Japanese: アルトハイム,F. - あるとはいむ
Altheim, F. - There is

…Alongside Weber and Rostovtsev, the Soviet Union’s E.Shtaerman’s argument is as influential in this issue as it is in his view of the crisis in the 3rd century as a struggle between two modes of production: the slavery system that developed on urban landowners, the village system, and the divided land tenancy system that developed on private estates outside the city. On the other hand, those who take an external cause theory in contrast to these various internal causes include F. Altheim, who sees the turning point of the Roman Empire in the international relations that developed on the Eurasian continent in the 3rd century, on the basis that an external crisis caused an internal crisis; A. Piganiol, who believes that the Roman civilization did not live out its natural lifespan, but was “assassinated”; and A.M. Jones, who sees the main cause of the decline in the increasing external pressure from the Germanic peoples. These are reevaluations of the cultural decline theory, but it is important to note that they are reevaluations based on the understanding that the phenomena of “decline” were internal transformations of the empire. …

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Altheim, F." is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…この問題においてウェーバー,ロストフツェフと並んで影響が大きいのは,3世紀の危機を,都市的土地所有の上に展開した奴隷制ウィラと,都市領域外の私的大所領で発展した分割地小作制という二つの生産様式の間の闘争ととらえるソ連のシタエルマンE.M.Shtaermanの立論である。 他方,これら多様な内因論に対して外因論を採る者としては,対外危機が国内危機を惹起(じやつき)するとして3世紀にユーラシア大陸規模で展開された国際関係にローマ帝国変質の契機をみるアルトハイムF.Altheim,ローマ文明は天寿をまっとうしたのではなく〈暗殺〉されたのだとするピガニョールA.Piganiol,同じく増大するゲルマンの外圧に没落の主因をみるジョーンズA.H.M.Jonesらがいる。これらは文化没落説の再評価ではあるが,〈没落〉の諸現象とされたものを帝国の内的変容としてとらえたうえでの再評価である点は重要である。…

※「アルトハイム,F.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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