Volcanic lightning

Japanese: 火山雷 - かざんらい(英語表記)volcanic lightning
Volcanic lightning

Lightning discharges that occur in the plume of a volcanic eruption. In Japan, they have often been observed at Mount Asama and Mount Sakurajima. Discharges occur only when smoke is being violently emitted, and lightning can be seen flying through the plume or striking the summit or crater. In normal lightning, the lightning discharge is caused by the charging of precipitation particles (raindrops, ice crystals, hail, etc.), whereas in volcanic lightning, it is thought that the cause is charging due to friction between ash and gravel. Volcanic lightning is much smaller in scale than normal lightning, and is limited to the area directly above the crater.

[Hiroo Misaki]

"The Science of Lightning and Thunderclouds: How to Protect Yourself from Lightning" by Shinichiro Kitagawa (2001, Morikita Publishing)

[Reference items] | Volcano | Lightning | Electrodischarge

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

火山爆発の噴煙中におこる電光放電。日本では浅間山や桜島などでしばしば観測されている。放電は煙の噴出が激しいときにのみおこり、電光が噴煙の中を飛んだり山頂や火口に落ちるのが見られる。普通の雷では降水粒子(雨滴、氷晶、あられなど)の帯電が電光放電の原因であるのに対して、火山雷の場合には灰や砂礫(されき)の摩擦による帯電がその原因であると考えられている。火山雷の規模は普通の雷よりずっと小さく、火口の真上周辺に限られる。

[三崎方郎]

『北川信一郎著『雷と雷雲の科学――雷から身を守るには』(2001・森北出版)』

[参照項目] | 火山 | 電光 | 放電

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