…Such valuable shell money is nothing more than an object to be flaunted, given, or redistributed (1) to create a social relationship, such as marriage, initiation into a secret society, or political alliance between tribes; (2) to resolve a social discord, such as a donation to ancestors or as compensation for murder or insult; (3) to create or symbolize a higher social status, such as a potlatch gift, or as a luxury item accumulated and redistributed by important people, chiefs, or kings. Shell necklaces from Rossell Island, shell necklaces and pearl bracelets from the Trobriand Islands, oyster shell necklaces from the Solomon Islands, and pearl shell money from Yap are widely seen on the islands of Oceania, and shell money consisting of many shell beads strung on a string is known among the Iroquois and Algonquin peoples of North America. Cowry shell [Iwao Ushijima]. … *Some of the terminology that refers to the "Algonquin peoples" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…このような貴重品としての貝貨は,(1)ある社会関係,例えば結婚,秘密結社への入信,部族間の政治同盟を生みだすために,(2)社会関係のなかの不和を解消するために,例えば祖先への寄進として,あるいは殺人や侮辱に対する償いとして,(3)上位の社会的地位を創出したり象徴化したりするために,例えばポトラッチの贈与物として,あるいは重要人物,首長,王が蓄積し再分配する奢侈(しやし)品として,みせびらかしたり,贈ったり,再分配したりする物品にほかならない。ロッセル島の赤貝製首飾,トロブリアンド諸島で行われるクラ価値物としての赤貝製首飾と白貝製腕輪,ソロモン諸島のカキの貝殻製首飾,ヤップ島の真珠貝貨などオセアニアの島々で広く見られ,北アメリカのイロコイ諸族,アルゴンキン諸族でも貝製数珠玉を多数紐に通した貝貨が知られている。タカラガイ【牛島 巌】。… ※「アルゴンキン諸族」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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