Egyptian soldier and nationalist. Born into a family of influential villagers in the Delta region of Lower Egypt. He enlisted in 1854 and became an officer in 1858. He was promoted to colonel in 1879, but in the same year formed the Nationalist Party (al-Hizb al-Watani) with the secret society of Egyptian officers he had organized up until that point as its nucleus. As Western powers intensified their interference in Egypt, such as the international control of Egyptian finances by Britain and France from 1876 onwards and the formation of a cabinet that included British and French ministers, he advocated "Egypt for Egyptians" and was the leader of the first modern Egyptian nationalist movement (1879-1882) that demanded a constitutional monarchy, and in 1882 he rose to Minister of War. In the same year, he staged an armed uprising, but it was put down by British military intervention, and Egypt was subsequently placed under sole British rule. [Hiroshi Kato] [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
エジプトの軍人、民族主義者。下エジプト、デルタ地方の村落有力者の家系に生まれる。1854年入隊、1858年将校となる。1879年大佐に昇進するが、同年、それまでに組織したエジプト人将校の秘密結社を核に国民党(アル・ヒズブ・アル・ワタニー)を結成した。1876年以降の英仏によるエジプト財政の国際管理、英仏人大臣を含む内閣の組閣など、西欧列強の国内干渉が強まるなかで、「エジプト人のためのエジプト」を主張し、立憲君主政体を要求する近代エジプト最初の民族主義運動(1879~1882)の指導者として、1882年には軍事大臣にまでなった。同年、武力蜂起(ほうき)したが、イギリスの武力介入によって鎮圧され、以後エジプトはイギリスの単独支配下に置かれた。 [加藤 博] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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