The main component of starch, the insoluble portion excluding soluble amylose. It is present in higher plants and accounts for 70-80% of starch. The starch in glutinous rice is entirely made up of amylopectin and does not contain amylose. It is a tasteless, odorless white powder that is difficult to dissolve in water, but dissolves in hot water to form a paste. When butyl alcohol is added to starch dissolved in hot water, only the amylose precipitates, allowing the amylopectin to be isolated. Also, when iodine is added to an aqueous solution of amylopectin, it turns reddish purple. This is used to detect amylopectin. Amylopectin has a basic structure of a chain of 25 to 30 glucose units linked together by α-1,4-bonds, and has a complex structure with many branches. One chain is bonded to another chain like the branches of a tree, and the branched chain is bonded to yet another chain, and so on. The branching bonds are α-1,6-bonds. Amylopectin can be broken down by amylase and phosphorylase, but the branching α-1,6-bonds cannot be broken down, so unbroken pieces remain. This is called limit dextrin. The branching bonds can be hydrolyzed by debranching enzymes such as isoamylase and pullulanase (limit dextrinase). [Takashi Muramatsu] A: reducing end glucose residue B: non-reducing end glucose residue C: branch point glucose residue ©Shogakukan "> The structure of amylopectin Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
デンプンの主成分で、可溶性のアミロースを除いた難溶部分。高等植物に存在し、デンプンの70~80%を占める。糯米(もちごめ)のデンプンはすべてアミロペクチンからなり、アミロースを含まない。無味、無臭の白色粉末で、水に溶けにくいが、熱水には溶けて糊(のり)状となる。デンプンを熱水に溶かしたものにブチルアルコールを加えると、アミロースだけが沈殿するので、アミロペクチンを分離できる。また、アミロペクチンの水溶液にヨウ素を加えると赤紫色になる。これはアミロペクチンの検出に利用される。 アミロペクチンはグルコースがα-1・4-結合で25~30個つながった鎖が基本となる構造で、分岐が多く複雑な構造を示す。1本の鎖に別の鎖が木の枝分れのように結合し、枝分れの鎖にさらに別の鎖が結合するといったようになる。枝分れの結合はα-1・6-結合である。アミロペクチンはアミラーゼやフォスフォリラーゼによって分解されるが、枝分れのα-1・6-結合を分解できないので、切れ残りの部分が残る。これを限界デキストリンという。枝分れの結合は、イソアミラーゼやプルラナーゼ(限界デキストリナーゼ)などの枝切り酵素によって加水分解される。 [村松 喬] A:還元末端グルコース残基B:非還元末端グルコース残基C:分岐点グルコース残基©Shogakukan"> アミロペクチンの構造 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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