Athetosis is a slow involuntary movement that occurs mainly in the limbs and face, and causes the extremities of the hands and feet to show unusual positions. It is also called athetosis. The central nervous system, which controls voluntary movements, consists of the pyramidal system, which issues various commands from the cortical cells of the cerebrum, and the extrapyramidal system, which regulates the motor system of the limbs. When abnormalities occur in the regulation of the extrapyramidal system, various involuntary movements appear. Athetosis is one of these, and is caused by the destruction of the basal ganglia of the brain, which is part of the extrapyramidal system, by vascular disorders, jaundice, inflammation, tumors, drugs, etc. It does not appear during sleep, but occurs when the person is awake and active, and is aggravated by mental stress, etc. In the past, many cases began in childhood due to hypoxia caused by birth disorders and neonatal jaundice, but in recent years, the number of cases has decreased dramatically due to exchange transfusions and other methods. There is no particularly effective treatment, but drug therapy using tranquilizers, as well as cryotherapy or destruction of the thalamus of the brain, have been attempted with some success. [Eijiro Satoyoshi] [Reference] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
主として四肢および顔面におこるややゆっくりした不随意運動で、手足の末端に特異な肢位を示すようになる。アテトーゼともいう。随意運動をつかさどる中枢神経系には、大脳の皮質細胞からいろいろの指令を出す錐体(すいたい)路系と、四肢の運動系の調節をしている錐体外路系があり、錐体外路系の調節に異常を生ずると種々の不随意運動が現れてくる。アテトーシスはその一種で、原因は、錐体外路系のうち、脳の基底核が血管障害、黄疸(おうだん)、炎症、腫瘍(しゅよう)、薬物などによって破壊されるためである。睡眠中は現れず、目が覚めて活動しているときにおこり、精神緊張などで増強する。出産障害による低酸素症、新生児黄疸などにより小児期から発症するものが多かったが、近年交換輸血その他によって激減した。治療としてはあまり有効なものはないが、トランキライザーなどの薬物療法や、大脳の視床部への冷凍ないし破壊術などが試みられ、多少の効果をあげている。 [里吉営二郎] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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