Apinaye - Apinaye (English spelling)

Japanese: アピナイェ - あぴないぇ(英語表記)Apinayé
Apinaye - Apinaye (English spelling)

An indigenous group living in the state of Tocantins, Brazil. They speak a language belonging to the Jé family. They currently live in the Apinayes indigenous territory along the Tocantins River, a tributary of the Amazon River. The population is 718 (1989). The Apinayes live in an area that transitions from tropical rainforest to savannah (Cerrado) covered with tall grass and shrubs. The Apinayes' culture and society are very similar to those of the North Jé groups (Kayapo, Lamko-Camecra, etc.). They are of bilineal descent, with ritual and age groups playing important roles, and a complex semi-clan organization. They were once considered to have a unique descent pattern called parallel descent, but this only relates to the transmission of membership in the ritual group called Kie. Their occupations are slash-and-burn farming, hunting, fishing, and gathering. In recent years, Brazilian ranches have been moving into the Apinayes' residential area, causing increasing friction.

[Kimura Hideo]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ブラジルのトカンティンス州に住む先住民集団。ジェ語族に属する言語を話す。現在、アマゾン川の支流トカンティンス川沿いにあるアピナイェス先住民区に住む。人口は718(1989)。アピナイェが住む地域は、熱帯雨林から丈の高い草と低木に覆われたサバンナ(セラード)へと移り変わる地域である。アピナイェの文化、社会は北ジェ諸集団(カヤポ、ラムコカメクラなど)と非常に似通っている。出自は双系的であり、儀礼集団、年齢集団が重要な機能をもち、複雑な半族組織がある。かつては平行系という特殊な出自様式をもつとされていたが、これはキエという儀礼集団の成員権の伝達にのみかかわるものである。生業は焼畑耕作、狩猟、漁労、採集である。アピナイェの居住地域に、近年ブラジル人の牧場が進出してきており、摩擦が増えている。

[木村秀雄]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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