… He spoke harshly of his dissatisfaction with the discrimination caused by the caste system, and represented the position of the low-caste masses, mainly in rural areas, such as Vaishyas and Shudras. His poems, called abhangs, total 4,600 in number and compiled into the Tukārām-Gāthā (Tukārām Hymns). They preach fervent faith in the god Bhithoba, and appeal to the general public to have deep faith and to perform their daily work and duties. … From Namdeo…He was from the Shimpī (tailor) caste and played an important role in spreading the Bhāgavata faith among the masses, leading the religious reform movement in medieval Maharashtra. He preached bhakti (devotion) to the local deity Viṭhobā through a method called sankīrtan, in which he chanted the name of the deity with melodies and sang abhang, a Marathi hymn to the deity. Together with his contemporary Jnāneśwar, he laid the foundations of the Vārkarī sect, the representative of the Bhakti movement in Maharashtra. … From Marathi...The first literary works that have survived to posterity were written by the sage poets (sants) of the 13th to 18th centuries, and many of these religious poems, written in the popular language of the time, played a major role in the religious reform movement in the region and helped the spread and development of Marathi as a language. In particular, Jnaneswar's commentary on the Bhagavad Gita (1290) and the devotional poems (abhang) of Namdeo and Tukaram are famous. Since the 19th century, modern literature has developed in both verse and prose, and today Marathi is the language that has produced the most abundant and excellent literary works in India. *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Abang" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
… 彼はカースト制による差別に対する不満を厳しいことばで語り,農村を中心にバイシャやシュードラなど低いカーストの大衆の立場を代弁した。その詩句はアバングabhangとよばれていて総数4600にも及ぶもので,《トゥカーラーム・ガーターTukārām‐Gāthā(トゥカーラーム頌歌集)》としてまとめられている。その内容はビトーバー神への熱烈な信仰を説きつつ,一般大衆に対して信仰心を篤くし日常の仕事や義務を果たすべきことを訴えかけるものである。… 【ナームデーオ】より…シンピーshimpī(裁縫師)・カースト出身でバーガバタ派信仰を大衆の間に広める役割を果たし,中世マハーラーシュトラにおける宗教改革運動の先端を切った。旋律をつけて神の名をとなえ,アバングというマラーティー語による神への賛歌を唱する〈サンキールタンsankīrtan〉という方法により地方神ビトーバーViṭhobāへのバクティ(信愛)を説く。同時代のジュニャーネーシュワルとともに,マハーラーシュトラのバクティ運動の代表たるワールカリー派Vārkarīの基礎を築いた。… 【マラーティー語】より…後世に残る文学作品は13~18世紀の聖賢詩人(サント)たちによるものが最初で,当時の民衆語で書かれたその多くの宗教詩はこの地域の宗教改革運動に大きな役割を果たすとともに,言語としてのマラーティー語の伝播,発展を助けた。とくにジュニャーネーシュワルの《バガバッドギーター》注釈書(1290)や,ナームデーオ,トゥカーラームの信仰詩(アバング)は有名。19世紀以降韻文,散文ともに近代的文学の発展がみられ,今日インド内でも最も豊富ですぐれた文学作品を生み出している言語である。… ※「アバング」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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