...The kitsunetsuki, yakotsutsuki, and osakitsuki found in various parts of Japan are examples of animal spirit possession. Spiritual beings equivalent to the Japanese spirits and deities include the phi, pii in Thailand, the nat in Myanmar, the anito in Indonesia, and the hantu in Malaysia. These spiritual beings are deeply connected to the main part of the religious life of the people, and are often objects of reverence and fear. From "Idolatry"...In this case, the skull of the deceased was first washed and used as an ancestor, but as it developed, pearls were added to the eyes, a wooden nose was replaced, and a body was added. This form is seen in Melanesia, but in Indonesia, the skull of the deceased is no longer removed, and wooden carvings, known as anito figures, are made. However, gods are not necessarily ancestors, so as technology developed, it became possible to directly represent transcendental gods. ... *Some of the terminology that mentions "Anito" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…日本各地で見られるキツネツキ,ヤコツキ,オサキツキなどは,動物霊憑依の例である。日本の霊魂・精霊に相当する霊的存在に,タイのピーphi,pii,ミャンマーのナットnat,インドネシアのアニートanito,マレーシアのハントゥhantuなどがある。これら霊的存在は民衆の宗教生活の主要部分に深くかかわり,畏敬・畏怖の対象とされていることが多い。… 【偶像崇拝】より…この場合はじめは死者の頭蓋(ずがい)を洗骨してこれを祖先としたが,やや発達すると目に真珠をつけたり,鼻を木でおぎなったりして,さらに胴体をつけるに至る。このような形態はメラネシアなどに見られるが,インドネシアなどではもはや死者の頭蓋はとらず,木彫の,いわゆるアニートanito像を作るようになっている。しかし神は必ずしも祖先とは限らないから,技術が発達すれば直接に超越的な神を表現するようにもなる。… ※「アニート」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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