Nephritis - jinen

Japanese: 腎炎 - じんえん
Nephritis - jinen

What kind of disease is it?


<Chronic nephritis with few subjective symptoms. If left untreated, it can lead to kidney failure.>
The kidneys contain tissue called glomeruli , which are thread-like clusters of capillaries that filter blood and produce urine. Nephritis is a disease in which the glomeruli become inflamed, and it can be acute or chronic.
Acute nephritis occurs when bacteria such as Streptococcus pyogenes (hemolytic streptococcus) infect the upper respiratory tract and produce antibodies , and the combination of the bacteria and antibodies travels through the arteries to the kidneys and damages the glomeruli.
Although it is most common in children, adults can also get the disease, and about 10% of them progress to chronic nephritis. In the early stages, hospitalization and complete bed rest and strict dietary restrictions are required.
Although there are some cases of chronic nephritis that develop without being cured of acute nephritis, in 90% of cases the cause is unknown. Symptoms include eyelid swelling, hematuria , decreased urine volume, and elevated blood pressure, but the symptoms are not noticeable, and most cases are discovered during regular urine tests.

Related foods:


<In the case of acute nephritis, diet and fluid intake must be restricted>
○In cases of acute nephritis, due to its function as a nutritional component , the amount of protein in the diet is limited to about half of the normal amount in order to prevent protein waste products from accumulating in the kidneys.
In the early stages, swelling may occur, so fluid intake should be restricted. Urine volume also decreases, and potassium excretion becomes poor, so foods high in potassium, such as raw vegetables and fruits, should also be avoided.
On the other hand, in chronic nephritis, if renal function is normal, there is no need to severely restrict protein intake. If there is no swelling, there is no need to restrict fluid intake. In both acute and chronic cases, salt intake should be reduced.
(Vitamins A, B, selenium, and zinc are also effective.)
For nephritis, in addition to IPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and glycinin (see "What is kidney disease?"), which are effective for kidney diseases in general, minerals such as vitamins A and B, selenium, and zinc, which are said to be good for boosting the body's immune system, are also effective.
Vitamin A can be obtained from animal-based retinol and plant-based carotene, but it is best to consume more carotene from green and yellow vegetables such as komatsuna and carrots rather than animal foods that are high in protein.
In order to efficiently obtain B vitamins, it is a good idea to include brown rice or whole wheat flour, which contain all the B vitamins, in your staple foods. Brown rice is also rich in selenium, which is also found in smelt, sardines, and green onions.
If you are not on a protein restriction, foods that are high in zinc include oysters, beef rounds, and natto.
Vitamin C also prevents cold and other viruses from invading the kidneys, making it effective against nephritis. Vitamin C is found in large amounts in vegetables and fruits, but during the acute phase when urinary volume is reduced, it is best to limit potassium intake, so it is a good idea to boil vegetables such as broccoli and komatsuna to reduce potassium.
○ In traditional Chinese medicine , adzuki beans, watermelon, soybeans, etc. have a diuretic effect. People who are prone to edema (swelling ) should take these foods.

Source: Shogakukan Medical Museum of Food Information

Japanese:

《どんな病気か?》


〈自覚症状の少ない慢性腎炎。放置すると腎不全に。〉
 腎臓(じんぞう)には、毛細血管(もうさいけっかん)が糸くず状にかたまった糸球体(しきゅうたい)という組織があり、血液をろ過して尿をつくりだしています。この糸球体が炎症を起こす病気が腎炎(じんえん)で、急性と慢性があります。
 急性腎炎は溶血性連鎖球菌(ようけつせいれんさきゅうきん)(溶連菌(ようれんきん))などの細菌が上気道(じょうきどう)などに感染して抗体(こうたい)をつくり、細菌と抗体が結合したものが動脈を通って腎臓に入り、糸球体を障害して起こります。
 子どもに多く発病しますが、大人でもかかることがあり、そのうち1割ほどの人は、慢性腎炎に移行します。初期には入院による絶対安静ときびしい食事制限が必要です。
 慢性腎炎は、急性腎炎が治りきらずに移行するケースも多少はありますが、9割は原因不明です。症状はまぶたのむくみ、血尿(けつにょう)、尿量の減少、血圧の上昇などですが、自覚症状が強くはでず、大半は定期検診の尿検査などで発見されます。

《関連する食品》


〈急性腎炎の場合は、食事や水分の制限が必要〉
○栄養成分としての働きから
 急性腎炎の場合、たんぱく質の老廃物が腎臓にたまるのを抑えるため、食事のたんぱく質量を正常なときの半分くらいに制限します。
 初期にはむくみもあるため、水分量も制限します。尿量も減り、カリウムの排泄(はいせつ)が悪くなっているので、生野菜やくだものなど、カリウムの多い食品もひかえます。
 一方、慢性腎炎では、腎機能が正常であれば、たんぱく質を極端に制限する必要はありません。むくみがない場合は、水分制限も必要ありません。また、急性、慢性いずれの場合も、塩分摂取量をひかえます。
〈ビタミンA、B群、セレン、亜鉛も有効〉
 腎炎には、腎疾患全般に有効なIPA(イコサペンタエン酸)やグリシニン(「腎疾患とは」参照)のほか、体内の免疫力アップによいとされるビタミンAやB群、セレン、亜鉛(あえん)といったミネラルも効果的です。
 ビタミンAは、動物性のレチノールと植物性のカロテンから摂取できますが、たんぱく質の多い動物性食品よりも、コマツナやニンジンといった緑黄色野菜に含まれるカロテンを多くとるようにしましょう。
 また、ビタミンB群を効率よくとるには、B群をまんべんなく含む玄米(げんまい)や小麦全粒紛(ぜんりゅうこ)を主食にとりいれるといいでしょう。玄米にはセレンも豊富で、ほかにワカサギやイワシ、ネギにも含まれています。
 たんぱく質制限がなければ、亜鉛を多く含むカキ、牛もも肉、納豆なども利用したい食品です。
 また、ビタミンCには、かぜなどのウイルスが腎臓に侵入するのを防ぐ働きがあり、腎炎に有効です。ビタミンCは野菜やくだものに多く含まれますが、急性期で尿量が減っているときはカリウムをひかえたほうがよいので、ブロッコリーやコマツナなどの野菜をゆでて、カリウムを減らして食べるといいでしょう。
○漢方的な働きから
 漢方では、アズキ、スイカ、ダイズなどに利尿作用があります。浮腫(ふしゅ)(むくみ)が起こりやすい人は、これらの食品をとるといいでしょう。

出典 小学館食の医学館について 情報

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