Cognome

Japanese: cognomen
Cognome

… The Etruscan influence is believed to have been responsible for the considerable difference in Roman naming. In Roman times, the Romans added cognomen, originally nicknames, to the roughly 20 combinations of personal names (praenomen) and family names (nomen gentii). In the case of Marcus Tullius Cicero, Marcus was the personal name, Tullius the family name, and Cicero the cognomen. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "cognomen" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

… ローマ人の命名法がこれとかなり異なるのはエトルリア人の影響とされる。ローマ時代には20ほどの個人名(プラエノメンpraenomen)と族名(ノメン・ゲンティイnomen gentii)の組合せに元来はあだ名であるコグノメンcognomenを加えた。キケロMarcus Tullius Ciceroではマルクスが個人名,トゥリウスが族名,キケロがコグノメンである。…

※「cognomen」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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