Also called hyperplasia or proliferation. An increase in the number of components of a tissue, resulting in an increase in the overall volume of the tissue or organ. Tissues proliferate due to increased function, repair against damage, or defensive mechanisms. Nerve cells, cardiac muscle, and skeletal muscle are postmitotic cells and do not proliferate, but connective tissues tend to proliferate. In the event of inflammation, connective tissues rapidly proliferate and form granulation tissue, which then scars and heals. This is a change that belongs to hyperplasia. When a liver is partially resected, the remaining liver cells rapidly divide and proliferate, causing hyperplasia. These are responses taken by groups of cells capable of division to maintain homeostasis in the body, but they can also exceed the range of homeostasis and show excessive proliferation, such as keloids during wound healing. Furthermore, hyperplasia can progress to tumorous proliferation. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
増生,増殖ともいう。ある組織の構成成分の数が増加し,組織や臓器全体の容積が増加すること。機能の増加,損傷に対する修復とか防御的機転で,組織は増殖する。神経細胞,心筋,骨格筋などは,分裂終了細胞なので増殖しないが,結合組織などは増殖しやすい。炎症の際には,結合組織がすみやかに増殖して肉芽組織をつくり,瘢痕となって治癒する。これは過形成に属する変化である。肝臓を部分切除した際にも,残存の肝細胞がすみやかに分裂増殖して過形成を起す。これらは,生体のホメオスタシスを保つために,分裂可能の細胞群がとる反応であるが,創傷治癒の際のケロイドのように,ホメオスタシスの域をこえて,過剰の増殖を示すこともある。さらには過形成から腫瘍性増殖に移行することもある。
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