An elliptical brackish lake in Akkeshi Town in the eastern part of the Kushiro Regional Subprefectural Bureau in eastern Hokkaido. It has a circumference of about 26 km, an area of 31.8 square km, and a maximum depth of 6 meters, but most of the lake is less than 1 meter. A 600-meter-wide waterway opens to the west and leads to Akkeshi Bay. Oysters are cultivated in the lake using seedlings imported from Miyagi Prefecture, and seaweed and clam farming is a popular industry. The oyster islands, which are distributed in dozens of places, are made up of oyster shells, aquatic plants, sand, and mud that once inhabited the lake, and the halophyte communities that grow on them are designated as national natural monuments. In particular, the coral grass (Akkeshisou), which turns red in autumn and colors the lake shore, is at risk of extinction due to the destruction of its habitat by sedimentation and waves (designation as a natural monument was removed in 1994). Together with the marshes along the Bekanbeushi River, Lake Akkeshi and the Bekanbeushi Marsh were registered as a Ramsar Convention site in 1993. The Akkeshi Waterfowl Observation Center was also opened in 1995. The Bekanbeushi Marsh, which was registered at the same time, is mostly a low-lying marshland dominated by reeds and sedges, with the midstream of the Bekanbeushi River covered in mounds of sphagnum moss, and above that is a high-lying marshland of about 100 hectares where alpine plants live. [Furukawa Shiro] [Reference] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
北海道東部、釧路(くしろ)総合振興局管内の東部の厚岸町にある楕円(だえん)形の汽水湖。周囲約26キロメートル、面積31.8平方キロメートル、最深部は6メートルに達するが、大部分は1メートル未満。西方に幅約600メートルの水路が開いて厚岸湾に通じる。湖内では宮城県から種苗を移入してカキの養殖と、ノリ・アサリ養殖などの栽培漁業が盛ん。数十か所に分布する牡蠣島(かきじま)は、かつて生息した天然カキの貝殻、水生植物、砂泥などからなり、これらに生育する塩性植物群落は国の天然記念物に指定されている。なかでも秋になると紅変して湖岸を彩るアッケシソウ(サンゴソウ)は、土砂堆積(たいせき)や波による生育地破壊が進み、絶滅のおそれが指摘されている(1994年天然記念物の指定解除)。なお、別寒辺牛(べかんべうし)川沿いの湿原とともに、厚岸湖・別寒辺牛湿原として、1993年(平成5)ラムサール条約登録湿地となった。1995年には厚岸水鳥観察館も開館した。同時に登録地となった別寒辺牛湿原は、大部分をヨシやスゲなどが占める低層湿地で、別寒辺牛川の中流域にはミズゴケが盛り上がり、その上には高山植物などが生息する100ヘクタールほどの高層湿原がある。 [古川史郎] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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