Type printing - Katsuji Printing

Japanese: 活字印刷 - かつじいんさつ

A method of directly transferring the shape of characters onto paper [Western] It is said that movable type printing was first invented by the Dutchman Costel in 1423, who used wooden types, and then lead and tin types. Around 1450, the German Gutenberg began movable type printing in Mainz using a pressurized printing machine that was an improvement on a grape press and improved oil-based ink. At first, he used carved metal types, but with the ingenuity of his assistant Schupfer, metal molds were made and the type was improved. He printed the Latin Bible, and this technology made books cheap and widespread, influencing the Protestant Reformation and the Renaissance.
[Orient] In the 11th century, Bi Sheng of the Northern Song Dynasty invented movable type by solidifying mud with glue, but this was not practical, and metal movable type was developed in Goryeo at the end of the 12th century.

Source: Obunsha World History Dictionary, Third Edition About Obunsha World History Dictionary, Third Edition

Japanese:

字型を紙にそのまま写す方法
【西洋】活字印刷は，オランダのコステルが1423年に，木製の，ついで鉛と錫の活字を使って創始したという説がある。ドイツのグーテンベルクは，マインツで1450年ごろ，ぶどう圧搾機を改良した加圧式印刷機と改良した油性インクを使った活字印刷を始め，最初，金属を刻んだ活字を使用したが，助手シュッフェルの工夫によって金属の鋳型を作り，活字を改良した。彼はラテン語聖書を印刷したが，この技術によって書物は安価なものとなり普及し，宗教改革やルネサンスに影響を与えた。
【東洋】11世紀，北宋の畢昇 (ひつしよう) が泥を膠で固めて活字を発明したが，実用的でなく，12世紀末に高麗で金属活字がつくられた。

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