The term refers to the several types of atomic nuclei that are produced as a result of nuclear fission reactions. There are primary products (fission fragments) that are produced directly by nuclear fission reactions, and secondary products that are produced by further radioactive decay of the primary products. More than 40 types of fission are known for the fission of uranium-235 by thermal neutrons, and more than 200 fission products have been found. Primary products range in mass number from 72 to 158, with the highest probability of producing nuclei around 97 and 138. Many fission products have a large neutron excess compared to stable nuclei, and contain a large amount of beta-emitting materials. Long-lived beta-emitting nuclides are used as tracers and for other purposes. The main ones are zirconium-95, niobium-95, yttrium-91, cerium-141, cerium-144, barium-140, cesium-137, and strontium-90. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
核分裂反応の結果生じる数種類の原子核をさす。核分裂反応によって直接できる一次生成物 (核分裂片 fission fragment) と,一次生成物がさらに放射性崩壊を起こしてできる二次生成物がある。ウラン 235の熱中性子による核分裂では,40種以上の分裂の仕方が知られていて,分裂生成物として 200以上の核種が見つかっている。一次生成物は質量数 72から 158の範囲に分布し,97と 138付近の核を生成する確率が最も高い。核分裂生成物は安定核に比べて中性子過剰の大きなものが多く,β放射性物質を多く含む。寿命の長いβ放射性核種はトレーサーそのほかに利用される。そのおもなものに,ジルコニウム 95,ニオブ 95,イットリウム 91,セリウム 141,セリウム 144,バリウム 140,セシウム 137,ストロンチウム 90などがある。
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