Acquired character

Japanese: 獲得形質 - かくとくけいしつ（英語表記）acquired character

Also called acquired genetic traits. The opposite of congenital genetic traits. In other words, traits that an organism acquires through external influences after birth. For example, a cut made by a knife or knowledge acquired through learning. Acquired traits are not normally related to genes and are not inherited. J. Lamarck's theory of evolution somewhat naively held that evolution proceeds through the inheritance of acquired traits, but C. Darwin did not place much importance on this as a whole, and it was thoroughly rejected by A. Weissman and others. The "acquisition" of resistance in microorganisms and pests is also understood as the survival of highly resistant mutants.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

後天性遺伝形質ともいう。先天性遺伝形質に対する言葉。すなわち，生物が生れたのちに，外界の影響によって得た形質。たとえばナイフによる切り傷や学習による知識など。獲得形質は普通遺伝子に関係しないので遺伝しない。 J.ラマルクの進化論では，やや素朴に獲得形質の遺伝により進化が進むと考えたが，C.ダーウィンは全体としては重視せず，さらに A.ワイスマンらにより徹底的に排撃された。微生物や害虫の抵抗性「獲得」も，抵抗性の高い変異体の生残りとして理解される。

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