…Asia is the name of a region that refers to a part of the Earth's landmass, and refers to the eastern part of the Eurasian continent and its associated islands such as the Japanese archipelago. Today, it is usually divided from Europe by the Ural Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian Sea, the Greater Caucasus Mountains, the Black Sea, the Bosphorus Strait, and the Dardanelles Strait, and the border with Africa is the Suez Canal. However, since it includes a variety of ethnic groups and nations, the meaning of the word Asia has changed greatly over time. In this article, I would like to trace the changes in the meaning of the word Asia without mentioning the geographical area, nature, ethnic groups, or nations. … From Asia Minor…With the decline of the Seleucid Empire, this trend became even more pronounced, and the kingdoms of Pergamum and Pontus, which arose in the mid-3rd century BC, became the most powerful of the two. From the mid-2nd century BC, the power of the Roman Republic gradually extended to Asia Minor, and in 129 BC the direct province of Asia was established in the former territory of Pergamum. On the other hand, the powerful Kingdom of Pontus resisted Rome but was defeated, and in 63 BC the province of Bithynia-Pontus was established. … From Phrygia…In 275 BCE, the Galatians (Celtic peoples) invaded the area east of the Sangarios River, and the Kingdom of Pergamon occupied the western part. In 133 BCE, the western part was incorporated into the Roman province of Asia. In 300 BCE, Emperor Constantine divided the area into two independent provinces, Phrygia Prima and Phrygia Secunda, in a reorganization of the imperial system. *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Asia" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…アジアとは地球の陸地の一部分を指す地域の名称でユーラシア大陸の東の部分およびそれに付属する日本列島などの島々を指し,今日では通常,ヨーロッパとはウラル山脈,ウラル川,カスピ海,大カフカス山脈,黒海,ボスポラス海峡,ダーダネルス海峡により区分され,アフリカとの境はスエズ運河とされている。しかし諸民族・諸国家からなる多様なものを含むから,時代によってアジアという語が意味する内容は大きく変化してきた。本項においては,地理的な範囲,自然,民族,国家などには言及せず,もっぱらアジアという言葉の意味の変化を追ってみたい。… 【小アジア】より…セレウコス朝の衰退に伴ってこの傾向はいっそう顕著となり,前3世紀半ばに起こったペルガモン王国とポントス王国とが中でも最も強大となった。前2世紀半ば以降共和政ローマの力がしだいに小アジアにまで及び,前129年旧ペルガモン領に直轄領たる属州アシアが設けられた。一方の雄ポントス王国はローマに抵抗して戦ったが敗れ,前63年ビテュニア・ポントゥス州が設置された。… 【フリュギア】より…前275年にはガラティア人(ケルト系)の侵入を受けてサンガリオス川の東部を譲り,ペルガモン王国が西部を占領した。前133年にはこの西部地帯はローマ領に組み込まれ,属州アシアとされた。さらに後300年,コンスタンティヌス帝は帝国統治機構の再編にあたって,この地を独立した2属州フリュギア・プリマとフリュギア・セクンダとに分割した。… ※「アシア」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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