A lower unsaturated aldehyde also known as acrolein and propenal. It is produced by heating glycerin with potassium hydrogen sulfate and dehydrating it. In industrial production, it is produced by catalytic oxidation of propylene using a molybdenum-bismuth catalyst. It is a colorless liquid with a strong, irritating odor that volatilizes easily. It is highly toxic and irritates the mucous membranes of the eyes and nose, the respiratory tract, and the skin. It is produced when fats, oils, plastics, etc. are incompletely burned, and is also found in cigarette smoke and diesel engine exhaust. It is easily oxidized in air, and polymerizes with light, air, and peroxides to turn into a resinous substance, so when storing it, cut off the air and add a small amount of polyphenols. When reduced, it produces propyl alcohol (1-propanol) via propionaldehyde, and when oxidized, it becomes acrylic acid. When bromine is added to the double bond, it easily becomes 2,3-dibromopropionaldehyde. It has an aldehyde group -CHO, so it produces oximes and undergoes the silver mirror reaction. Its uses include as a raw material for the synthesis of acrylic acid, acrylonitrile, allyl alcohol, and glycerin, and it is also in demand as a raw material for methionine, which is used in pharmaceuticals. [Masahiro Hirota] [References] | | | [Supplementary information] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
アクロレイン、プロペナールの別名をもつ低級不飽和アルデヒド。 グリセリンを硫酸水素カリウムと加熱して脱水すると生成する。工業的にはプロピレンをモリブデン・ビスマス系触媒を用いて接触酸化する方法により製造する。激しい刺激臭をもつ無色の液体で、揮発しやすい。非常に毒性が強く、目や鼻の粘膜、呼吸器、皮膚を刺激する。油脂やプラスチックなどが不完全燃焼したときに発生するほか、タバコの煙やディーゼルエンジンの排気ガスにも含まれる。空気中では容易に酸化され、光、空気、過酸化物により重合して樹脂状物質に変化するので、保存する際は空気を断って少量のポリフェノールを加えておく。還元するとプロピオンアルデヒドを経てプロピルアルコール(1-プロパノール)を生成し、酸化するとアクリル酸になる。臭素を作用させると容易に二重結合に付加して2,3-ジブロモプロピオンアルデヒドになる。アルデヒド基-CHOをもっているので、オキシムの生成、銀鏡反応を行う。 用途としては、アクリル酸、アクリロニトリル、アリルアルコール、グリセリンの合成原料になるほか、医薬品として用いられるメチオニンの原料としての需要がある。 [廣田 穰] [参照項目] | | | [補完資料] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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