Sucre (English spelling)

Japanese: スクレ（英語表記）Sucre

The constitutional capital of Bolivia. It is also the capital of the Chuquisaca Department. It is located about 400 km southeast of La Paz, the de facto capital of Bolivia, in a fertile valley in the central Andes Mountains, at an altitude of about 2,800 m. It was built by the Spanish in 1538 on the site of a settlement of the Charca Indians, and was made the administrative center of the Charcas region. It was the early center of the independence movement, and in 1809, citizens revolted against the Spanish army. In 1826, the year after Bolivia's independence, it was made the provisional capital, and in 1839 it became the official capital. At this time, the city's name was changed to Sucre, after General A. Sucre, the leader of the independence movement and the first president of Bolivia, but since it had changed to Charcas, Chuquisaca, and La Plata, it is known as the "city with four names." In 1998, there was a movement to move the capital to La Paz, which led to a civil war, but in the end, Sucre kept its name as the capital, and the executive and legislative branches were moved to La Paz. As a result, only the Supreme Court remained in Sucre, and La Paz effectively became the capital. It is a commercial and industrial center with agricultural areas around it, and in addition to being a center for the collection and processing of agricultural products, a pipeline runs from the Camiri oil field about 200 km southeast, and oil refining is an important industry. There is also a cement factory. The city, which has many old colonial-era buildings such as the 17th-century cathedral, the San Francisco Javier University founded in 1624, and the Independence Museum, which houses the Bolivian Declaration of Independence, was registered as a cultural heritage site of the World Heritage Sites in 1991. It is a transportation hub with four roads and a railway line from Potosi. Population: 193,873 (2001).

Sucre
Sucre, Antonio José de

Born: February 3, 1795 in Kumana
Died June 4, 1830. Bellucoes, near Basto. Leader of the Latin American independence movement. Joined the independence movement at age 15, served under S. Bolivar, and was promoted to general at age 26. Defeated the Spanish army at Pichincha near Quito in 1822, liberating Ecuador. Next, marched with Bolivar into Peru, defeating the last Spanish army at the Battle of Junin in August 1824 and the Battle of Ayacucho in September of the same year. In 1825, he was entrusted with the governance of the Upper Peru (Bolivia) region, and was elected president when the Republic of Bolivia was established in 1826. However, due to resentment from the Bolivian people and conflict with Peru, he resigned in 1828. Later, he cooperated with Bolivar in an effort to unify the Republic of Gran Colombia, but failed and was assassinated.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

ボリビアの憲法上の首都。またチュキサカ県の県都。ボリビアの事実上の首都ラパスの南東約 400km，アンデスの中部山脈中の肥沃な谷にあり，標高約 2800m。インディオのチャルカ族の集落があった地に 1538年スペイン人によって建設され，チャルカス地方の行政中心地とされた。独立運動の初期の中心地で，1809年には市民がスペイン軍に対して蜂起。ボリビア独立の翌 1826年暫定首都とされ，1839年正式に首都となった。これを機に市名は，独立運動の指導者でボリビアの初代大統領となった A.スクレ将軍にちなんでスクレに改称されたが，ここにいたるまでチャルカス，チュキサカ，ラプラタと変わったため，「四つの名前をもつ都市」として知られる。 1998年首都をラパスに移そうという動きがあって一時内戦状態になったが，結局，スクレは首都の名を保持し，行政府，立法府はラパスに移ることになった。この結果，スクレには最高裁判所が残るのみとなり，実質的にはラパスが首都として機能するようになった。周辺に農業地帯をもつ商工業中心地で，農産物の集散，加工が行なわれるほか，南東約 200kmのカミリ油田からパイプラインが通じ，石油精製が重要な産業となっている。セメント工場もある。 17世紀の大聖堂，1624年創立のサン・フランシスコ・ハビエル大学，ボリビア独立宣言を所蔵する独立記念博物館など，植民地時代の古い建築物が多数保存される市街は，1991年世界遺産の文化遺産に登録。交通の要地で，道路が四通し，ポトシから鉄道が通じる。人口 19万 3873 (2001) 。

スクレ
Sucre， Antonio José de

[生]1795.2.3. クマナ
[没]1830.6.4. バスト近郊ベルエコス
ラテンアメリカ独立運動の指導者。 15歳で独立運動に参加，S.ボリバルの部下として活躍し，26歳で将軍に昇進。 1822年キト市近くのピチンチャでスペイン軍を破り，エクアドルを解放した。続いてボリバルとともにペルーへ進撃，24年8月フニンの戦い，同年9月アヤクチョの戦いで最後のスペイン軍を破った。 25年上部ペルー (ボリビア) 地方の統治を託され，26年ボリビア共和国が成立すると大統領に選ばれた。しかしボリビア人の反感，ペルーとの対立のため 28年辞任，その後，ボリバルに協力して大コロンビア共和国の統一に努力したが失敗，暗殺された。

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