Round haul net (English spelling)

Japanese: 揚繰網 - あぐりあみ(英語表記)round haul net
Round haul net (English spelling)

It is a type of fishing net that belongs to the purse seine (turn seine) type of fishing net and is classified as a bagless net. The fish caught are sardines, horse mackerel, mackerel, bonito, and other fish that form dense schools and are agile with considerable mobility, and the fishing grounds extend from the coast to offshore. The reeling net needs to be quite long, and when surrounding a school of fish, the gear must be deployed quickly. Reeling nets are roughly divided into three types:

(1) The width of each part of the net is approximately the same.

(2) It is wider in the center and narrows towards the mesh parts of both sleeves (wings).

(3) The mesh parts of both sleeves are deeper near the ends.

All are symmetrical about the center, but (1) is the so-called American-style purse seine that was introduced from the United States after World War II, (2) is a Japanese-style improvement on the American-style purse seine, and (3) is a type of net used in the hauling and reeling seine that has existed in Japan since ancient times.

Purse seine fishing is performed by first confirming the presence of a school of fish, then surrounding it with the net, gradually reducing the size of the encirclement to complete the catch. This type of fishing gear is rectangular in shape with sleeve nets on both sides of the center, and is equipped with floats on the upper edge of the net and sinkers on the lower edge. They are also classified as marsupial and non-marsupial purse seine depending on whether or not they have a pouch to hold the fish in the fishing area. Marsupial purse seine types include tie-tying nets, sewn-cut nets, small-tongue nets, Yasaka nets, and dolphinfish purse seine nets, but these are not very common. Non-marsupial purse seine types are divided into hauling seine and purse seine depending on the structure of the net and the fishing method used. With a hauling net, after surrounding a school of fish, both ends of the net are pulled into the boat, and at the same time, the bottom of the net is quickly pulled in by pulling on the pull ropes attached to the bottom of the net, preventing the fish from escaping downward and completing the catch. With a purse seine, after surrounding a school of fish, the loop ropes at the bottom of the net are tightened, closing the opening of the purse, completing the catch.

Traditionally, hauling nets did not have rings, ring ropes, or weights, but gradually hauling ropes, which are the source of maneuverability for purse seines, came to be used, making it difficult to distinguish between hauling nets and purse seines. However, hauling nets are loaded onto the doma (the center room of a Japanese ship) or on the side of the ship and cast by casting from the side, while purse seines are loaded onto the stern and cast by casting from the stern. The two can be classified and distinguished based on this difference in operation method.

[Hideo Soeda and Kiyoshi Yoshihara]

[Reference] | Net fishing gear | Purse seine | Turnaround seine
Net fishing gear (purse seine)
©Shogakukan ">

Net fishing gear (purse seine)


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

漁業の網漁具の一種で、網漁具の分類上、巻網(旋網(まきあみ))類に属し、無袋(むたい)(無嚢(むのう))網類に分類される。漁獲対象となるのは、イワシ、アジ、サバ、カツオなどのように濃密な大群を形成し、かつ相当な移動力を有する俊敏な性質をもつ魚であり、漁場は沿岸から沖合に広がる。揚繰網は、規模が相当長大であることが必要で、また魚群を包囲する場合には漁具の展開を敏速にしなければならない。揚繰網の形状は大別すると、以下の3種がある。

(1)網の各部の幅がおよそ同一のもの。

(2)中央部が広く、両袖(そで)(両翼)網部にいくに従って狭くなっているもの。

(3)両袖網部の端近くが深くなっているもの。

いずれも中央部を中心として左右対称であるが、(1)は第二次世界大戦後アメリカから導入されたいわゆるアメリカ式巾着(きんちゃく)網で、(2)はそのアメリカ式巾着網を日本式に改良した巾着網、(3)は古来日本で存在していた揚繰網の網型である。

 巻網類の操業方法は、魚群の存在を確認した後、これを網で包囲し、徐々に包囲形を縮小して漁獲を完了する。この種の漁具は、形状は長方形で中央部を中心に両側に袖網を有していて、網の上縁に浮子(あば)(浮き)を、下縁に沈子(ちんし)(おもり)を備えている。また、魚捕部に魚を取り入れるための袋(嚢)を有しているか否かによって、有袋巻網類と無袋巻網類に区別している。有袋巻網類は、タイ縛(しば)り網、縫切(ぬいき)り網、小舌網(こじたあみ)、八坂(やさか)網、シイラ巻網などがあるが、あまり普遍的なものでない。無袋巻網類は、網の構造や漁獲方法の違いによって揚繰網と巾着網に分けられる。揚繰網は、魚群を包囲した後、網の両端から船内に繰り込むと同時に網裾(あみすそ)についている引手綱を引いて網の下辺をすばやく引き寄せ、魚が下方に逃避するのを防止して漁獲を完了するものである。巾着網は、魚群を包囲してから網裾の環括綱(かんしめづな)を締め、巾着の口をふさぐようにして漁獲を完了するものである。

 揚繰網には、従来は環、環括綱、分銅(ふんどう)などはなかったが、しだいに巾着網の機動力の源である環括綱を用いるようになり、揚繰網と巾着網の区別が困難になっている。ただし、揚繰網は網を胴の間(和船の中央の間)または舷側(げんそく)に積載し脇打ちにより投網するが、巾着網は網を船尾に搭載して艫(とも)打ちによって投網する。この操業方法の違いによって両者を分類・区別することができる。

[添田秀男・吉原喜好]

[参照項目] | 網漁具 | 巾着網 | 巻網
網漁具(巻網)
©Shogakukan">

網漁具(巻網)


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