Hulling - Kakukyohei

A famous warrior during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty in China, famous for his campaign against the Xiongnu. Nephew of Empress Wei, he displayed natural talent for tactics. He led six campaigns, resulting in the beheading and capture of over 110,000 soldiers. He defeated King Hunya, and established Hexi and Jiuquan to pacify the borderlands. In 119 BC, he attacked the Xiongnu's base together with Wei Qing, reaching Langjuxushan in Outer Mongolia. Due to his achievements, he was called on a par with Wei Qing, but died at the young age of 24. He was loyal to the emperor, and in terms of tactics, he did not stick to the traditional military strategies of Sun Tzu and Wu Tzu, but instead used cavalry that placed emphasis on speed and distance as his main force. It was only by breaking away from the defensive tactics of his predecessors, Li Guang and others, that Sima Qian was able to subdue the Xiongnu. The description in the Records of the Grand Historian is somewhat cold towards Qubing, but this shows Sima Qian's critical attitude towards foreign invasions. His tomb is located near Emperor Wu's Maoling, next to that of Emperor Wei Qing. Currently, a cultural relics management center has been set up there, and many excavated items, mainly from the Han dynasty around Maoling, are on display. The stone horse stepping on a Hu person is particularly famous.

[Takashi Yoshinami]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、前漢の武帝期に匈奴(きょうど)討伐で著名な武人。衛(えい)皇后の甥(おい)にあたり、戦術に天賦の素質を発揮した。六度出兵して斬首(ざんしゅ)・捕虜11万余。渾邪(こんや)王を降(くだ)し、河西・酒泉を置いて辺境地帯を鎮めた。紀元前119年、衛青(えいせい)とともに匈奴の根拠地を攻め、外モンゴルの狼居胥山(ろうきょしょさん)に至った。その功績により、衛青と並称されたが、24歳の若さで夭折(ようせつ)した。彼は皇帝に忠誠で、戦術においては伝統的な孫子・呉子の兵法にこだわることなく、速度と距離に重点を置く騎兵を主力に採用した。先輩李広(りこう)らの防御戦術から脱皮したので、初めて匈奴を抑えることができた。『史記』の叙述は去病にやや冷淡であるが、それは司馬遷(しばせん)の外征に対する批判的態度を示すものである。墓は武帝の茂陵(もりょう)の近傍に、衛青のそれと隣り合わせにある。現在はそこに文物管理所が設けられていて、茂陵周辺の漢代を中心にした出土品が数多く展示されている。とりわけ胡人(こじん)を踏む石馬は有名である。

［好並隆司］

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