… The City was the center of trade in goods, funds, information, etc., and many unique facilities were built for that purpose. In addition to the various commodity exchanges that had existed since the Middle Ages, such as Smithfield for livestock, Billingsgate for seafood, and Blackwell Hall for woolen textiles, the Royal Exchange was established by Thomas Gresham in 1568, and from the late 17th century to the 18th century, a large number of coffee houses flourished and played a role as a place for trading goods and exchanging information. In 1773, the London Stock Exchange was established adjacent to the Bank of England, nicknamed the "Old Lady of Threadneedle Street," and around the same time, the Baltic Exchange, which mainly handled shipping transactions, was also established. … From the Commodity Exchange...The Amsterdam Exchange was the main stage for the tulip speculation crisis, when tulip bulbs became the subject of a frenzy of futures trading, rising to the same price as a one-carat diamond, before plummeting. It wasn't until the Industrial Revolution of the 19th century, when Britain rose to the top of the world economy, that the London Exchange, founded in 1568 (officially opened as the Royal Exchange in 1571), replaced the Amsterdam Exchange as the center of European commerce. Furthermore, in the 20th century, exchanges for grain, non-ferrous metals, leather, rubber, and other goods were established one after another all over the United States (see the entries for the Chicago Board of Trade and the New York Board of Trade), and the United States became a center of commodity trading on a par with the United Kingdom. ... *Some of the terminology referenced in "Royal Exchange" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
… 商品,資金,情報等の取引の中心であったシティには,そのための特有の施設が多数つくられた。中世以来の各種商品取引所――家畜のスミスフィールド,水産物のビリングズゲート,毛織物のブラックウェル・ホールなど――のほか,1568年にはトマス・グレシャムによって王立取引所Royal Exchangeが設立され,また17世紀末から18世紀にかけては,コーヒー・ハウスが群生して商品取引や情報交換の場としての役割を果たした。1773年には〈スレッドニードル街の老婦人Old Lady of Threadneedle Street〉とあだ名されたイングランド銀行に接してロンドン株式取引所が設立され,同じころ海運取引を主とするバルト海取引所も設立された。… 【商品取引所】より…チューリップの球根が熱狂的な先物の対象となり,ダイヤモンド1カラットの値段に匹敵するまで上がったあと大暴落したチューリップの投機騒動は,このアムステルダム取引所がおもな舞台だった。 1568年に生まれたロンドンの取引所(1571年the Royal Exchangeとして正式に開所)がアムステルダム取引所に代わってヨーロッパの商取引の中心となるのは,19世紀の産業革命を経てイギリスが世界経済の頂点になったころからである。さらに20世紀に入るとアメリカ各地で穀物,非鉄金属,皮革,ゴムなどの取引所が続々と生まれ(〈シカゴ商品取引所〉〈ニューヨーク商品取引所〉の項参照),イギリスと並ぶ商品取引の中心地となっていった。… ※「Royal Exchange」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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