Ivanoe Bonomi

Italian politician, conservative reformist. A lawyer from Mantua, he joined the Socialist Party at the end of the 19th century while participating in the political struggles of his hometown. He became a collaborator of the party's journal Avanti (Advance) and the socialist theoretical journal Critica Sociale (Social Criticism), and soon came to a reformist position. His book Le vie nuove del socialismo (1906) is a theoretical explanation of this position. He was expelled from the party at the 1912 Reggio Emilia Congress for his support of the Libyan War, and together with Leonida Bissolati (1857-1920), who had also been expelled, he founded the Reformist Socialist Party. He held several cabinet positions during and after the First World War, and served as Prime Minister (1921-1922) during the crisis of the liberal state, but he adopted a scheming attitude towards Fascism. During the Fascist regime, he withdrew from politics to focus on writing, but after 1942, when it became clear that Italy was losing the military and the regime was collapsing, he resumed his political activities, staying in contact with representatives of both the royal family and the anti-fascist parties, and after the royal coup of July 1943, he became the negotiating point between the anti-fascist parties and the Badoglio government. He used his position as president of the National Liberation Committee in Rome to suppress the revolutionary development of the liberation movement, even after he took over as Prime Minister from Badoglio (1944-1945). After the Second World War, he was Italy's representative at the Paris Peace Conference, a member of the Constituent Assembly, a Senator for Life, and the first President of the Senate of the Republic.

[Yasuro Shigeoka]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

イタリアの政治家、保守的改良主義者。マントバ出身の弁護士であったが、19世紀末、郷里の政治闘争に参加するうちに社会党に入党し、同党機関紙『アバンティ（前進）』や社会主義的理論誌『クリティカ・ソチャーレ（社会批評）』の協力者になり、まもなく改良主義の立場に近づいた。彼の著書『社会主義の新しい道』Le vie nuove del socialismo（1906）はこの立場を理論的に解明したものである。1912年のレッジョ・エミリアの党大会でリビア戦争是認の理由から除名処分を受け、同じく除名されたビソラーティLeonida Bissolati（1857―1920）とともに改良主義社会党を結成した。第一次世界大戦中から戦後にかけて幾度も閣僚の地位を経験し、自由主義国家の危機の最中に首相を務めた（1921～1922）が、ファシズムに対して策謀的態度をとった。ファシズム体制下では政界から退いて著述活動に専念した。しかし1942年以降イタリアの軍事的敗色と体制の崩壊が明らかになると政治活動を再開し、王家と反ファシスト諸党の双方の代表と接触を保ち、1943年7月の王家のクーデター以後、反ファシスト諸党とバドリオ政府の交渉の窓口となった。ローマにおける国民解放委員会議長の地位を利用して解放運動の革命的発展を抑制し、バドリオから首相の座（1944～1945）を引き継いだあとも同様であった。第二次世界大戦後パリ平和会議のイタリア代表、制憲議会議員、終身上院議員、共和国初代上院議長を務めた。

［重岡保郎］

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