Ireland [island] - Ireland

Japanese: アイルランド[島] - アイルランド
Ireland [island] - Ireland
The second largest island in the British Isles. It faces Great Britain to the east across the Irish Sea. It is divided into Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. It covers an area of ​​about 82,000 km2 . The periphery of the island is a mountainous massif caused by folding, while the central part is a wide lowland. The whole area is eroded by ice, and there are many glacial lakes. The highest point is Mount Carantoul (1,041m). Blessed with a mild maritime climate, dairy farming is the main industry. The Celts arrived by the 4th century BC, and Christianity was introduced in the 5th century. It has been under English rule since the 12th century. It was conquered by Cromwell in the 17th century and suffered economic and religious oppression. Rebellions demanding freedom for Catholics began in the early 18th century, and the Catholic Emancipation Act was issued in 1829. However, the poverty and rebellion of peasants continued. The potato famine of 1845-1849 was caused by a poor harvest due to potato blight, and killed about one million people in ten years, causing nearly two million people to emigrate to the United States in the two decades from 1840. Even today, the population of Ireland has not recovered to the level it was before the famine (8.18 million in 1841).
→ Related articles Irish Sea | Irish Problem | UK

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:
イギリス諸島第2の島。アイリッシュ海を隔てて東方のグレート・ブリテン島と対する。北アイルランドとアイルランド共和国に分かれる。約8万2000km2。島の周辺部は褶曲による地塊山地で,中央部は広い低地帯。全域が氷食をうけ,氷食湖が多い。最高点はカラントゥール山(1041m)。温和な海洋性気候に恵まれ,主に酪農が行われる。前4世紀ころまでにケルト人が渡来し,5世紀にキリスト教がはいった。12世紀以降イングランドが支配。17世紀クロムウェルに征服され経済的・宗教的な圧迫をうけた。18世紀初頭からカトリック信教の自由を求める反乱が起こり,1829年カトリック解放法が出された。しかし農民の貧困と反抗はその後も続いた。1845年―1849年のジャガイモの胴枯病による凶作から〈ジャガイモ飢饉〉が起こり,10年間に約100万人が死亡,1840年から20年間に200万人近い人口が米国に移民した。アイルランドの人口は現在でもこの飢饉以前の人口(1841年に818万人)には回復していない。
→関連項目アイリッシュ海|アイルランド問題|イギリス

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