Zeune, JA (English spelling) ZeuneJA

Japanese: Zeune,J.A.(英語表記)ZeuneJA
Zeune, JA (English spelling) ZeuneJA


[Name and its scope]
The peninsula we now call the Balkans was traditionally called the Greek Peninsula, the Byzantine Peninsula, and the Illyrian Peninsula, and was commonly known as "European Turkey (the European part of Ottoman Turkey)" before World War I. The name Balkan is said to have been first coined in 1808 by the German geographer Johann August Zeune (1778-1843). Following the theories of A. von Humboldt, the founder of modern geography, Zeune believed that the most scientific way to name places was to avoid political connotations, and so he named it the Balkans because the local inhabitants of the area today call what is now the Stara Planina Mountains (the Balkan Mountains). It was later discovered that the name Balkan was actually a common Turkish noun meaning "mountain," and Zoine's name was criticized by many. In the mid-19th century, a German geographer suggested that the Balkan Peninsula should be called the Southeastern European Peninsula. However, from the end of the 19th century onwards, the name Balkan gradually gained acceptance.

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Zeune, JA" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:


【呼称とその範囲】
 現在われわれがバルカン半島と呼んでいる半島は,古来ギリシア人の半島,ビザンティン半島,イリュリア人の半島などと呼ばれ,第1次世界大戦前には,〈ヨーロッパ・トルコ(オスマン・トルコのヨーロッパ部分)〉として一般に知られていた。バルカンという名称は,1808年にドイツの地理学者ツォイネJohann August Zeune(1778‐1843)によって初めて命名されたといわれているが,近代地理学の創始者A.vonフンボルトの学説にしたがい,できるだけ政治色をもたない地名設定の方法が科学的であると考えたツォイネは,現在のスターラ・プラニナ山脈(バルカン山脈)が現地住民のあいだでバルカンと呼ばれていたところから,そのように命名したのである。のちにこのバルカンという呼名が実はトルコ語の普通名詞で〈山〉を意味することが明らかになり,ツォイネの命名にはいくたの批判が加えられ,19世紀中葉にはバルカン半島を南東ヨーロッパ半島と命名すべきだと説くドイツ人地理学者も現れたが,19世紀末ころからしだいにバルカンという名称が市民権を得るにいたった。…

※「Zeune,J.A.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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