In 1668, the Prince of Orange, who was in exile in Germany, invaded the Netherlands but failed, thus beginning the Eighty Years' War (1648-1650). In 1672, a fleet of "Sea Beggars" (Zeegeuzen), who were in exile overseas, carried out a surprise attack and occupied cities in the provinces of Holland and Zeeland. The Prince of Orange was appointed Governor of both provinces (Statthoudel) and was promoted to the leader of the rebellion, and one after another he liberated Alkmaar and Leiden, which had been besieged by Spanish troops. From the Beggars' Group…The word geuzen is a Dutch version of the French word gueux. The Zeegeuzen (Watergeuzen), who played a particularly important military role, were a group of nobles and citizens who had fled for political or religious reasons, as well as the poor and unemployed who sought adventure on the sea. They seized merchant ships and plundered coastal settlements, based in Emden in Germany, La Rochelle in France, and ports in England. They obtained a charter for private capture from the Prince of Orange in 1868, and one of their troops captured Brielle on April 1, 1872, and cities in Holland and Zeeland fell to their forces one after another. … *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Zeegeuzen" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
… 68年ドイツに亡命していたオラニエ公はネーデルラントに進攻して失敗するが,ここに八十年戦争(‐1648)の幕が切って落とされる。72年,海外に亡命していた〈海乞食zeegeuzen〉の船隊は奇襲作戦でホラント,ゼーラント両州の諸都市を占拠した。オラニエ公は両州の総督(スタットハウデル)に任じられて反乱の指導者に推され,スペイン軍に包囲されたアルクマールやライデンを次々に解放した。… 【乞食団】より…フランス語のgueuxをオランダ語化してgeuzenの語が用いられる。軍事上とくに重要な働きをした〈海乞食Zeegeuzen,Watergeuzen〉は,政治的または宗教的理由から亡命した貴族・市民のほか,海上に冒険を求めた貧民や失業者で構成される集団で,ドイツのエムデン,フランスのラ・ロシェル,イギリスの諸港を根城に商船の拿捕(だほ),海岸集落の略奪を行った。彼らは68年オランイェ公から私拿捕特許状を得,その一隊が72年4月1日ブリーレを占領すると,ホラント,ゼーラントの諸都市も次々に彼らの軍門に下ったのである。… ※「Zeegeuzen」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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