…Brotherhoods were the basis of human ties in medieval European cities. Some believe that their origin dates back to banquets associated with religious sacrifices in the Old Germanic period, but the term generally refers to groups established within medieval cities. Brotherhoods were also called guilds in northern Germany and Zeche in Austria, and were organizations created for the purpose of participating in religious events and festivals to ensure salvation in the afterlife, banquets to enjoy earthly pleasures, and mutual assistance among members. In the narrow sense, merchant guilds and craft guilds are all included in the category of brotherhoods. … *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Zeche" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…兄弟団とは中世ヨーロッパ都市において,人と人の結びつきの根底をなしていた組織であり,歴史的には古ゲルマン時代の宗教的供犠と結びついた宴会にさかのぼるとみる者もいるが,通常は中世都市内に成立した団体をさす。兄弟団は北ドイツではギルド,オーストリアなどではツェッヒェZecheとも呼ばれ,死後の救いを確保するための宗教的行事と祭り,現世の楽しみを享受するための宴会への参加のほか,構成員の相互扶助などのためにつくられた組織である。狭義の商人ギルドや手工業ギルドはすべてこの兄弟団という範疇のなかに含まれる。… ※「Zeche」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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