People who graze cattle in the grasslands (pampas) of southern South America, Argentina and Paraguay. In southern Brazil, they are called gauchos. They are employed by ranchers (estancieros) to look after cattle and prepare meat and leather. Most of them are of mixed race, white settlers and indigenous peoples. They wear simple clothes such as wide hats, shirts, trousers, leather boots, and in some places ponchos, and live on ranches far from cities. They have excellent riding skills, and use a tool called a bola, which is made of three hard clay balls wrapped in leather and attached to the end of a leather strap, to throw at the feet of the cattle to entangle them, and a whip. Like North American cowboys, they have a clean-cut, rough but sociable temperament, and take pride in their ability to endure solitude in the wilderness and their love of freedom without any constraints, rather than pursuing material gain. As livestock breeders who supported the Argentine economy, they have been sung about as a nostalgic ideal in many folk songs and literary works, such as the Argentine novel Don Segundo Sombra (1926) by Guillardes. [Hideo Kimura] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
南アメリカ南部、アルゼンチンやパラグアイの草原地帯(パンパ)でウシの放牧に従事する人々。ブラジル南部ではガウショという。牧場主(エスタンシエロ)に雇われてウシの世話、食肉および皮革の調整にあたる人々で、多くは白人開拓者と先住民の混血である。幅広の帽子にシャツ、ズボン、革のブーツ、場所によってはポンチョといった簡素な服装で、都市から遠く離れた牧場に住む。乗馬技術は秀逸で、固い粘土玉を皮でくるんだものを3個皮紐(ひも)の先に取り付けた、ウシの足元に投げ付けて絡ませる道具(ボーラ)や、鞭(むち)を用いる。北アメリカのカウボーイと同様、さっぱりとして荒っぽいが社交的な気質をもち、物質的な利益を追い求めるよりは、荒野での孤独に耐える力や、何にも束縛されない自由を愛する心を誇りとする。アルゼンチンの経済を支えてきた牧畜の担い手であった彼らは、数多くの民謡や文学作品のなかで追憶に満ちた一つの理想像としてうたわれてきた。たとえばアルゼンチンのグイラルデスの小説『ドン・セグンド・ソンブラ』(1926)がある。 [木村秀雄] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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