Acrylic fiber

Japanese: アクリル繊維 - あくりるせんい(英語表記)acrylic fiber
Acrylic fiber

A type of synthetic fiber whose main component is acrylonitrile ( CH2 =CHCN). It is made by polymerization of monomers, and fibers with a monomer content of 40% to 50% by weight of acrylonitrile are called acrylic fibers, and are distinguished from acrylic fibers with a higher acrylonitrile content. The former are commercially available under the trade names Kanecaron, and the latter Cashmilon, Bonnell, and Exlan. Acrylonitrile alone is difficult to make into fibers, so it is copolymerized with vinyl chloride (chloroethylene) or vinyl acetate. Fibers made only of acrylonitrile are used only as a raw material for making carbon fibers, and are copolymerized with acrylic acid esters, methacrylic acid esters, vinyl acetate, etc., and as a result of the copolymerization, dyeability and solubility are improved. Acrylic fibers are the lightest synthetic fibers, along with nylon, except for polypropylene, and have a soft, fluffy, warm feel similar to wool, and have better tensile properties than wool. They are mainly produced in the form of staple fibers. Synthetic fibers are commonly blended with other fibers, particularly acrylic, which is often blended with wool, rayon, and cotton.

[Hiroshi Kakiuchi]

"Acrylic Synthetic Fibers" by Masamichi Katayama (1959, Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun)""Synthetic Fibers" edited by Ichiro Sakurada et al. (1964, Asakura Shoten)""Industrial Chemistry Series: Synthetic Fibers" revised by Hiroshi Sobue (1975, Dainippon Tosho)"New Industrial Chemistry Series: New Synthetic Fibers" edited by Keizo Miyasaka and Mitsuyoshi Okamoto, Chemical Society of Japan (1996, Dainippon Tosho)"

[Reference] | Acrylic esters | Acrylonitrile | Copolymerization | Chloroethylene | Synthetic fibers | Vinyl acetate | Polymerization | Carbon fibers | Monomer | Nylon | Polypropylene | Methyl methacrylate | Rayon

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

アクリロニトリルCH2=CHCNをおもな構成成分とした合成繊維の一種。単量体の重合によってつくられているが、その単量体成分のアクリロニトリルの含有量が重量で40%以上50%以下のものをアクリル系繊維とよび、アクリロニトリルのそれ以上の含有量のアクリル繊維と区別している。前者はカネカロン、後者はカシミロン、ボンネル、エクスランなどの商品名で市販されている。アクリロニトリルだけでは繊維になりにくいので塩化ビニル(クロロエチレン)や酢酸ビニルと共重合されている。アクリロニトリルだけの繊維は炭素繊維をつくる原料としてのみ使用され、アクリル酸エステル、メタクリル酸エステル、酢酸ビニルなどと共重合したものであり、共重合の結果、染色性、溶解性などが改良される。アクリル繊維は、ポリプロピレンを別にしてナイロンとともにもっとも軽い合成繊維で、羊毛に似て、柔らかく、かさ高い温かみのある触感を示し、さらに引張り特性が羊毛よりよく、おもに短繊維の形で生産されている。合成繊維は一般に他の繊維と混紡されるが、とくにアクリル繊維は羊毛、レーヨン、木綿と混紡されている。

[垣内 弘]

『片山将道著『アクリル系合成繊維』(1959・日刊工業新聞社)』『桜田一郎ほか編『合成繊維』(1964・朝倉書店)』『祖父江寛著『産業化学シリーズ 合成繊維』改訂(1975・大日本図書)』『宮坂啓象・岡本三宜著、日本化学会編『新産業化学シリーズ 新合成繊維』(1996・大日本図書)』

[参照項目] | アクリル酸エステル | アクリロニトリル | 共重合 | クロロエチレン | 合成繊維 | 酢酸ビニル | 重合 | 炭素繊維 | 単量体 | ナイロン | ポリプロピレン | メタクリル酸メチル | レーヨン

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Acrylonitrile - Acrylonitrile (English spelling)

>>:  Acrylic resin coating - acrylic resin coating

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